Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Technology Innovation Program(RS-2024-00443436) funded By the Ministry of Trade, Industry Energy(MOTIE, Korea).
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The Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) paradigm facilitates bi-directional energy and data exchange between Electric Vehicles (EVs) and the Smart Grid, enhancing power distribution efficiency and dynamic grid interaction. However, this open communication framework presents authentication-related security risks, particularly impersonation, Man-in-the-Middle (MITM), and replay attacks. This paper offers a focused analysis of these vulnerabilities by reviewing typical attack models and evaluating how current authentication protocols respond to them. Special attention is given to lightweight, certificate-based mutual authentication mechanisms employing Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). Through step-wise examination, the paper assesses the strength and limitations of these strategies in practical V2G environments, highlighting deployment challenges and security considerations.
This work was supported by the Technology Innovation Program(RS-2024-00443436) funded By the Ministry of Trade, Industry Energy(MOTIE, Korea).