Emergency Coronary Artery Bypass Operation for Card iogen ic Shock

심인성 쇼크에 대한 응급 관상동맥 우회술

  • 김응중 (한림대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 이원용 (한림대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실)
  • Published : 1997.10.01

Abstract

Between June 1994 to August 1996, 13 patients underwent emergency coronary artery bypass operations. There were 3 males and 10 females and ages ranged from 56 to 80 years with the mean of 65.5 years. The indications for emergency operations were cardiogenic shock in 12 cases and intractable polymorphic VT(ve'ntricular tachycardia) in 1 case. The causes of cardiogenic shock were acute evolving infarction in 6 cases, PTCA failure in 4 cases, acute myocardial infarction in 1 case, and post-AMI VSR(ventricular septal rupture) in 1 case. Pive out of 13 patients could go to operating room within 2 hours. However, the operations were delayed from 3 to 10 hours in 8 patients due to non-medical causes. In 12 patients, 37 distal anastomoses were constructed with only 3 LITA's(left internal thoracic arteries) and 34 saphenous veins. In a patient with post-AMI VSR, VSR repair was added. In a patient with intractable VT and critical sten sis limited to left main coronary artery, left main coronary angioplasty was performed. Pive patients died after operation with the operative mortality of 38.5%. Three patients died in the operating room due to LV pump failure, one patient died due to intractable ventricular tachycardia on postoperative second day, and one patient died on postoperative 7th day due to multi-organ failure with complications of mediastinal bleeding, low cardiac output syndrome, ARF, and lower extremity ischemia due to IABP. In 8 survived patients, 3 major complications (mediastinitis, PMI, UGI bleeding) developed but eventually recovered. We think that the aggressive approach to critically ill patients will salvage some of such patients and the most important factor for patient salvage is early surgical intervention before irreversible damage occurs.

1994년 6월부터 1996년 8월까지 한림대학교 강동성심병원에서는 총 88례의 관상동맥우회 술을 시행하였 튼데 그중 13례를 응급으로 시행하였다. 응급수술 시행환자의 남녀비는 3:10으로 선택수술의 41:34에 비 하여 여자가 많았으며 나이는 평균 65.5+/-6.3(56-80)세로 선택수술의 58.9+/-10.3(35-82)세와 유의한 차이가 없었다. 응급수술의 적응증은 수회의 심율동전환(cardioversion)에도 반응하지 않는 심실성 빈맥환자 1례를 제외한 12례가 심인성 쇼크였는데 심인성 쇼크의 원인으로는 진행성 심근경색이 6례, 경피적 관상동맥성형술 실패가 4례, 급성 심근경색이 1례, 그리고 급성심근경색후 심실중격파열이 1례를 차지하고 있었다. 13Bl 의 환자중 5례의 환측는 심인성 쇼크가 발생한 후 2시간 이내에 수술을 시작할수 있었으나 나머지 8례의 환자는 3시간 내지 10시간이 지나서야 수술을 시작할수 있었다. 13례의 환자중 12례의 환자에서는 통상의 관상동맥우회 술을 시행하였는데 그중1례에서는 파열된 심실 중격 봉합을 동반시행하였으며 좌주관상동맥에만 국한된 병변이 있었던 1례의 환자에서는 좌주관상동맥 성형술을 실시하였다. 통상의 관상동맥 우 \ulcorner술을 시행한 12례의 환자에서는 37개의 문합을 실시하여 환자 당 평균 3.1개를 실시하였는데 선택적인 수술과는 달리 내흉동맥은 3례의 환자에서만 사용할수 있었으며 나머지는 모두 복제정맥을 이용한 문함을 시행하였다. 수술하는데 필요한 대동맥차단시간은 평군 96+/-25(65-140)분이었으며 인공심폐기 가동시간은 평균 281+/-117(136-592)분으로 손상된 심근의 회복을 위한 심보조시간이 상당부분을 차지하고 있었다. 수술후 5례의 환자가 사망하여(38.5%) 선택수술의 4.0%(3/75)에 비하여 높은 사망률을 보이고 있었으며 사망원인으로는 좌심실기능부전이 3례,심실성 인맥이 1례,그리고 다장기 기능부전이 1례를 차지하고 있 었다. 또한 3례의 환자에서 수술주위 심근경색, 종격동염,그리고 상부위장관출혈, 등의 합병증이 발생하 였으나 별다른 후유증없이 치유되었다. 생존한 환자 8례는 모두 현재 외래에서 특별한 문제없이 추적관 찰중이다. 결론적으로 아직 사망률이 높기는 하지만 심인성 쇼크 등과 같은 중환자들에게서 의 적극적인 치료는 이러한 환자들을 살릴수 있는 유일한 방법이라 생각되며 이러한 치료에 있어서 가장 중요한 점은 심장에 비가역적인 손상이 발생하기 전에 시행하는 조기수술요법이라 생각된다.

Keywords

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