Ischemic Preconditioning and Its Relation to Glycogen Depletion

허혈성 전처치와 당원 결핍과의 관계

  • 장대영 (중앙대학교 의과대학 조직학교실) ;
  • 김대중 (강원대학교 의과대학 해부학교실) ;
  • 원경준 (중앙대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 조대윤 (중앙대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 손동섭 (중앙대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 양기민 (중앙대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 라봉진 (중앙대학교 의과대학 조직학교실) ;
  • 김호덕 (성균관대학교 의과대학 해부학교실)
  • Published : 2000.07.01

Abstract

Baclgrpimd; Recent studies have suggested that the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning(IP) is closely related to glycogen depletion and attenuation of intracellular acidosis. In the present study, the authors tested this hypothesis by perfusion isolated rabbit hearts with glucose(G) is closely related to glycogen depletion and attenuation of intracellular acidosis. In the present study, the authors tested this hypothesis by perfusion isolated rabbit hearts with glucose(G)-free perfusate. Material and Method; Hearts isolated from New Zealand white rabbits(1.5~2.0 kg body weight) were perfused with Tyrode solution by Langendorff technique. After stabilization of baseline hemodynamics, the hearts were subjected to 45 min global ischemia followed by 120 min reperfusion with IP(IP group, n=13) or without IP(ischemic control group, n=10). IP was induced by single episode of 5 min global ischemia and 10 min reperfusion. In the G-free preconditioned group(n=12), G depletion was induced by perfusionwith G-free Tyrode solution for 5 min and then perfused with G-containing Tyrode solution for 10 min; and 45 min ischemia and 120 min reperfusion. Left ventricular functionincluding developed pressure(LVDP), dP/dt, heart rate, left ventricular end-distolic pressure(LVEDP) and coronary flow (CF) were measured. Myocardial cytosolic and membrane PKC activities were measured by 32P-${\gamma}$-ATP incorporation into PKC-specific peptide and PKC isozymes were analyzed by Western blot with monoclonal antibodies. Infarct size was determined by staining with TTC(tetrazolium salt) and planimetry. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Turkey's post-hoc test. Result ; In comparison with the ischemic control group, IP significantly enhanced functional recovery of the left ventricle; in contrast, functional significantly enhanced functional recovery of the left ventricle; in contrast, functional recovery were not significantly different between the G-free preconditioned and the ischemic control groups. However, the infarct size was significantly reduced by IP or G-free preconditioning(39$\pm$2.7% in the ischemic control, 19$\pm$1.2% in the IP, and 15$\pm$3.9% in the G-free preconditioned, p<0.05). Membrane PKC activities were increased significantly after IP (119%), IP and 45 min ischemia(145%), G-free [recpmdotopmomg (150%), and G-free preconditioning and 45 min ischemia(127%); expression of membrane PKC isozymes, $\alpha$ and $\varepsilon$, tended to be increased after IP or G-free preconditioning. Conclusion; These results suggest that in isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart model, G-free preconditioning (induced by single episode of 5 min G depletion and 10 min repletion) colud not improve post-ischemic contractile dysfunction(after 45-minute global ischemia); however, it has an infarct size-limiting effect.

연구배경; 심근세포내 에너지원인 단원 pool의 고갈이나 당대사의증가와 이로 인한 유산의 심근세포내 축적은 허혈 심근세포 손상의 중요한 원인으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 역설적으로 당원이 결핍된 용액으로 짧은 기간 동안 허혈-재관류를 반복(IP)한 경우와 유사한 결과를 가져올 수 있는 가능성을 조사하여 세포내 신호전달체계 중 PKC와의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 ; Langendorff방법에 따라 관류하여 기준설 혈역학 값이 유지되면 전체허혈(5분)-재관류(10분) 1회 실시로 IP를 유도하고 45분 동안 전체 허혈후 120분 동안 재관류하였다. (IP군. n=13). 허혈 대조군(n=10)에서는 IPdjqt이 45분 동안 전체 허혈후 120 동안 재관류를 실시하였다. Glucose 결핍용액 투여 전처치군(n=12)에서는 기준선 혈역학 값이 유지되면 5분 동안 glucose를 포함하지 않은 관류액으로 관류한 후 10분 동안 표준 관류액으로 측정하였으며 실험 종료후 PKC활성도는 PKC-specific peptide와 32P-${\gamma}$-ATP incorporation으로 PKC활성도(nmol/g tissue)를 측정하였따. PKC 동종효소의 발현정도는 단클론항체($\alpha$,$\beta$,$\delta$,$\varepsilon$,ζ 등)를 사용하여 Western blot로 확인하였다. 심근경색 크기는 1% tetrazolium chloride로 염색하여 형태 계측하였다. 결과; 45분 동안 허혈LVDP(LV developed pressure), dP/dt 등은 다른 실험군에 비하여 IPrns에서 현저히 증가하였으나 glucose 결핍용액 투여 전처치군에서는 허혈 대조군과 큰 차이가 없었으며 관혈류량은 모든 실험군 사이에서 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 glucose 결핍용액 트여 저너치군(15$\pm$3.9%)과 IP군(19$\pm$1.2%)에서는 허혈 대조군(39$\pm$2.7%)에 비하여 심근경색 범위의 현저한 감소를 볼 수 있었다. (p<0.05). PKC 활성도는 기준선과 비교하여 허혈 대조군에서는 87% 정도를 감소하였으며 (p<0.05), IP 실시한 후와 IP후 45분 동안 허혈을 실시한 결우에는 각각 119, 145%로 현저히 증가하였다. (p<0.01). PKC 동종효소중 $\beta$, $\delta$, ζ 등에서는 발현정도에 유의한 변화가 없었던 반면 $\alpha$$\varepsilon$에서 양적인 변화를 관찰할 수 있었다. PKC-$\alpha$의 세포질분획의 발현은 기준선이나허혈 대조군과 비교하여 IPgn에 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나, 이외의실험군에서는 큰 변화를 볼 수 없었다. PKC-$\alpha$의 세포막분획은 IP후롸, glucose 결핍용액 투여 전처치후, glucose 결핍용액 투여 전치치후 45분 동안 허혈후에 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. PKC-$\varepsilon$의 세포질분획의 발현은 기준선이나 허혈 대조군과 비교하여 IPgn나 IPgn 45분 동안 허혈후, glucose 결핍용액 투여 전처치에 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 PKC-$\varepsilon$의 세포막분획은 IP후 45분 동안 허혈후, 또는 glucose 결핍용액 투여 전처치후에 발현이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 결론 ; 이상으로 적출 관류 토끼 심장에서 glucose 결핍용액 투여로 전처치할 경우 후속된 장시간 동안의 허혈에 대하여 좌심실기능 회복 증가는 기대할 수 없으나 심근경색 범위가 감소되거나 한정되는 보호효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Therapeutic Approaches to Myocardial Infarct Size Limitation Why are we still in doubt about infarct size limitation? The experimentalist's viewpoint Hearse DJ;Yellon DM
  2. Am J Physiol v.251 Four brief periods of ischemia cause no cumulative ATP loss or necrosis Reimer KA;Murry CE;Yamasawa I;Hill ML;Jennings RB
  3. Circulation v.74 Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium Murry CE;Jennings RB;Reimer KA
  4. 순환기 v.26 Ischemic preconditloning의 심근보호 효과에 관한 연구: 좌심실기능, 심근경생부위, protein kinase C 등에 대한 영향 류호준;박준수;김현;유언호;라봉진;김호덕
  5. Circ Res v.66 Ischemic preconditioning reduces infarct size in swine myocardium Schott RJ;Rohmann S;Braun ER;Schaper W
  6. Circulation v.87 The cardioprotective effects of ischemic 'preconditioning' are not mediated by adenosine receptors in rat hearts Li Y;Kloner RA
  7. Ischemic Preconditioning. The Concept of Endogenous Cardioprotection Adenosine and the antiinfarct effects of preconditioning Downey JM;Liu Y;Ytrehus K;Przyklenk K;Kloner RA;Yellon DM
  8. Am J Physiol v.226 Precoditioning protects ischemic rabbit heart by protein kinase C activation Ytrehus K;Liu Y;Downey JM
  9. J Korean Med Sci v.10 Relation between ischemic reconditioning and the duration of sustained ischemia Kim DJ;Kim H;Park JI;Shim TS;Rah BJ;Kim HD
  10. Circulation v.84 Preconditioning causes improved wall motion as well as smaller infarcts after transient cornary occlusion in rabbits Cohen MV;Liu GS;Downey JM
  11. Circ Res v.70 Blockade of ATP-sensitive potassium channels prevents myocardial preconditioning in dogs Gross GJ;Auchampach JA
  12. 순환기 v.27 허혈성 전처치(ischemic preconditioning)의 심장보호 효과에 관한 연구: adenosin과 protein kinase C의 역할 김현;김대중;김성수;라봉진;김호덕
  13. J Mol Cell. Cardiol v.26 Evidence that translocation of protein kinase C is a key event during ischemic proconditioning of rabbit myocardium Liu Y;Ytrehus K;Downey JM
  14. Circulation v.87 Loss of myocardial protection after preconditioning correlates with the time course of glycogen recovery within the preconditioned segment Wolfe CL;Sievers RE;Visseren FLJ;Donnelly TJ
  15. Circulation v.96 Role of preischemic glycogen depletion in the improvement of postischemic metabolic and contractile recovery of ischmia-preconditioned rat hearts Soares PR;de Albuquerque CP;Chacko VP;Gerstenblith G;Weiss RG
  16. Circulation v.93 Contribution of glycogen to aerobic myocardial glucose utilization Henning SL;Wambolt RB;Schonkess BO;Lopaschuk GD;Allard MF
  17. Nature v.227 Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of the head of the bacteriophage T4 Laemmli UK
  18. Biochem Biophys Acta v.720 The effects of insulin on myocardial metabolism and acidosis in normoxia and ischaemia Bailey IA;Radda GK;Seymour AML;Williams SR
  19. Biochem J v.184 Studies of acidosis in the ischmic heart by phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance Garlick PB;Radda GK;Seeley PJ
  20. Cire Res v.55 Role of glycolytic products in damage to ischemic myocardium: DIssociation of adenosine triphosphate levels and recovery of function of reperfused ischemic hearts Neely JR;Grotyohann LW
  21. J Mol Cell Cardiol v.28 Does preconditioning act by glycogen depletion in the isolated rat heart? King LM;Opie LH
  22. J Mol Cell Cardiol v.28 Myocardial glycogen depletion cannot explain the cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning in the rat heart Asimakis GK
  23. J Mol Cell Cardiol v.24 Effects of protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A on metabolically inhibited and sichaemic isolated myocytes Armstrong SC;Ganote CE
  24. Circulation v.92 Does ischemic preconditioning trigger translocation of protein kinase C in the canine model? Przyklenk K;Sussman MA;Simkhovich BZ;Kloner RA
  25. Circulation v.90 no.Suppl. I Protein kinase C inhibitors reduce infarct size in pig heat in vivo Vogt A;Barancik M;Weihrauch D;Arras M;Podzuweit T;Schaper W
  26. 대흉외지 v.32 적출관류 토끼 심장에서 칼슘 전처치에 의한 심근보호 효과와 Protein Kinase C와의 관계 김용한;손동섭;조대윤;양기민;김호덕