Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Dietary Protein Restriction on Growth and Immuno-biochemical Response of Crossbred Calves during Post-ruminant Phase of Life

  • Sahoo, A. (Center of Advance Studies in Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute) ;
  • Mishra, S.C. (Center of Advance Studies in Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute) ;
  • Pathak, N.N. (Center of Advance Studies in Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute)
  • Received : 2001.08.09
  • Accepted : 2002.02.25
  • Published : 2002.08.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Sixteen crossbred (Bos indicus${\times}$Bos taurus) calves were randomly distributed in two groups (NP and LP) of eight calves each to study the effect of restricted (75%) protein supply on growth and immuno-biochemical response as an indicator of production and health of under-nourished animals during 3 to 9 months of age. The normal requirement of protein was provided to group NP and a less of 25% to group LP through calculated amount of concentrate and roughage in their daily ration. Assessment was made for weekly change in live weight, periodic alteration in blood metabolites and immunological status at six months of age in calves. An initial (during 3 to 6 months of age) depression (p<0.05) in growth was seen in low protein fed group (LP) compared to NP, which became non-significant in the later period of life (6 to 9 months of age). There was no significant effect on haemoglobin, total protein, albumin and globulin concentration except that of urea, which was decreased significantly (p<0.05) in animals fed on low protein diet ($19.83{\pm}1.25$ vs $25.93{\pm}1.29mg/dl$). The treatment effect that was seen in different periods of life was not uniform for other parameters except for urea, which showed a regular depression in LP compared to NP. The assessment of immunological status by indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test against Pasteurella multocida (P52 strain) was considerably (p<0.05) reduced in animals on LP ration compared to those on NP. It is thus argued that with poor nutrition (low protein) and state of compromised immunological response the production and health of the animals will be adversely affected.

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 14th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC.
  2. Bars, H. Le. 1967. The endogenous urea cycle of the ruminant. In: Urea as a Protein Supplement (Ed. M. H. Briggs). Pregmon Press, London. pp. 155-171.
  3. Beisel, W. R. 1984. Metabolic effects of infection. Prog. Food Nutr. Sci. 8:43-75.
  4. Chandra, R. K. 1999. Nutrition and immunology: from the clinic to cellular biology and back again. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 58:681-683. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665199000890
  5. Charland, S., L. D. Bartlett and M. H. Torosian. 1994. Effect of protein-calorie malnutrition on methotrexate pharmocokinetics. J. Parentl Entl Nutr. 18:45-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/014860719401800145
  6. Clowes, G. H. A., H. T. Randall and C. J. Cha. 1980. Amino acid and energy metabolism in septic and traumatized patients. J. Paren. Enter. Nutr. 4:195-205. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607180004002195
  7. Coles, E. H. 1980. Veterinary Clinical pathology, 3rd edn. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
  8. Cooper, W. C., R. A. Good and T. Mariani. 1974. Effect of protein insufficiency on immune responsiveness. Am J. Clin. Nutr. 27:647-664.
  9. Doumas, B. T., W. A. Watson and H. G. Biggs. 1971. Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green. Clin. Chim. Acta. 31:87-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(71)90365-2
  10. Fiske, R. A. and L. G. Adams. 1985. Immune responsiveness and lymphoreticular morphology in cattle fed hypo and hyper alimentative diets. Vet. Immunol. Immunopath. 8:225-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(85)90083-2
  11. Fleck, A. 1989. Clinical and nutritional aspects of changes in acute-phase proteins during inflammation. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 48:347-354. https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS19890050
  12. Fleck, A., F. Hawker, P. I. Wallace, G. Raines, J. Trotters, I. M. Ledingham and K. C. Calma. 1985. Increased vascular permeability: A major cause of hypoalbuminaemia in diseased and injury. Lancet. 1:781-784. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(85)91447-3
  13. Golden, M. H. N., J. C. Waterlow and D. Picou. 1977. Protein turnover, synthesis and breakdown before and after recovery from protein-energy malnutrition. Clin. Sci. 53:473-477.
  14. Gornall, A. G., C. J. Bardawill and M. M. David. 1949. Determination of serum proteins bymeans of the biuret reaction. J. Biol. Chem. 177:751-766.
  15. Hirschfield, J. and F. Kern, Jr. 1969. Protein starvation and the small intestine. III. Inorporation of orally and intraperitoneally administered I-leucine 4,5-H3 into intestinal mucosal protein of protein-deprived rats. J. Clin. Invest. 48:1224-1229. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI106086
  16. Jahoor, F., L. Wykes, M. Del Rosario, M. Frazer and P. J. Reeds. 1999. Chronicprotein undernutrition and an acute inflamatory stimulus elicit different protein kinetic responses in plasma but not in muscle of piglets. J. Nutr. 129:693-699.
  17. Jahoor, F., M. Desai, D. N. Herndon and R. R. Wolfe. 1988. Dynamics of the protein metabolic response to burn injury. Metabolism. 37:330-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(88)90132-1
  18. Jeejeebhoy, K. N., A. Bruce-Robertson, J. Ho and U. Sodtke. 1973. In: Protein Turnover. CIBA Foundation Symposium No. 9, Associated Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam.
  19. Klasing, K. C. 1988. Nutritional aspects of leukocytic cytokines. J. Nutr. 118:1436-1446.
  20. McGillivray, H. 1967. Immunological response of the pig as affected by amino acid nutrition. Ph.D. Dessertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Campaign.
  21. Millward, D. J., G. M. Price, P. J. H. Pacy and D. Halliday. 1991. Whole body protein and amino acid turnover in man: what can we measure with confidence? Proc. Nutr. Soc. 50:197-216. https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS19910030
  22. Millward, D. J., P. J. Garlick, W. P. T. James, P. M. Sender and J. C. Waterlow. 1976. Protein turnover. In: Protein Metabolism and Nutrition (Ed. D. J. A. Cole, K. N. Boorman, P. J. Buttery, D. Lewis, R. J. Neale and H. Swan). Butterworths, London. pp. 49-69.
  23. NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th edn. National Research Council, National Academy of Science, Washington, DC.
  24. Oser, B. L. 1971. Blood and other body fluids. In: Hawk's Physiological Chemistry, 14th edn, Tata McGraw-Hill Publ. Co. Ltd., New Delhi. pp. 321-367.
  25. Pugliese, M. T. 1990. Endocrine function adaptations in undernutrition. Wld Rev. Nutr. Ditet. 62:186-211.
  26. Rahmatullah, M. and T. R. C. Boyde. 1980. An improvement in determination of urea using diacetyl monoxime method with and without deproteinization. Clin. Chim. Acta 107:3-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(80)90407-6
  27. Reddy, P. G. and R. A. Frey. 1993. Nutritional modulation of immunity in domestic food animals. In: Immunomodulation in Domestic Animals, Vol. 35 (Ed. B. Frank and C. Bernard). Academic Press, Inc., London, pp. 225-258.
  28. Satter, L. D. and R. E. Roffler. 1977. Influence of nitrogen and carbohydrate inputs on rumen fermentation. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition-1977 (Ed. W. Haresign and D. Lewis). Butterworth Publ. London, pp. 25-49.
  29. Sawada, T., R. B. Rimler and K. R. Rhoades. 1982. Indirect H.A. test that uses glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep erythrocytes sensitized with extract antigens for detection of pasteurella antibody. J. Clin. Microbiol. 82:752-756.
  30. Sheffy, B. E. and A. J. Williams. 1982. Nutrition and immune response. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 180:1073-1076.
  31. Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Cochran. 1989. Statistical Methods, 8th edn, Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa.
  32. Tizzard, I. 1992. Secondary immunological defects. In: Veterinary Immunology: An Introduction, 4th edn (Ed. W. B. Saunders). Co., Philadelphia, p. 443.
  33. USDA. 2002. Production Estimate and Crop Assessment Division, FAS, US Department of Agriculture.
  34. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  35. cc 1958. Nutritional deficiencies. In: Diseases of Swine (Ed. H. W. Dunne). Iowa State University Press, Ames. pp. 627-648.
  36. Woodward, L. E., W. P. Eckblad, D. P. Olson, R. C. Bull and D. O. Everson. 1980. Serum complement activity of protein-energy malnourished beef cows. Am. J. Vet. Res. 41:1546-1548.

Cited by

  1. Growth, Nutrient Utilization and Amino Acid Digestibility of Dairy Calves Fed Milk Replacers Containing Different Amounts of Protein in the Preruminant Period vol.21, pp.8, 2002, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70562