Quality Properties of Chonggak Kimchi Fermented at different Combination of Temperature and Time

발효 온도와 시간 조합을 달리한 총각김치의 품질 특성

  • Kang, Jeong-Hwa (Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kang, Sun-Hee (Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School Chonnam National University) ;
  • Ahn, Eun-Sook (Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School Chonnam National University) ;
  • Chung, Hee-Jong (Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School Chonnam National University)
  • Published : 2003.12.30

Abstract

To determine the conditions of the fermentation and storage for Chonggak kimchi in kimchi refrigerator, prepared Chonggak kimchi took into kimchi refrigerators which were controlled at four different modes of the fermented temperature and time, and fermented and kept for 16 weeks. The pH in Chonggak kimchi fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours/stored at $-1^{\circ}C$ dropped greater than all of kimchi fermented at other combinations, and the changes of pH at any combinations were not greater than those in Baechu kimchi, because pH in Chonggak kimchi did not dropped below 4.5. Acidities in Chonggak kimchi were greatly increased at higher temperature. The acidity in Chonggak kimchi during the first week of fermentation was lower than that in Baechu kimchi and then it was rather higher because of the addition of waxy rice paste. In texture, puncture force of Chonggak kimchi was decreased slowly until 8 weeks of fermentation and then did not changed much and the highest values showed in Chonggak kimchi stored directly at $-1^{\circ}C$ without any fermentation. In sensory evaluation, the scores for the carbonated flavor and the sourness were the highest in Chonggak kimchi fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours/stored at $-1^{\circ}C$, but the lowest in Chonggak kimchi stored directly at $-1^{\circ}C$ without any fermentation because of some undesirable flavors. The lowest hardness showed in Chonggak kimchi fermented at highest temperature and the best hardness was in Chonggak kimchi fermented at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 days or 6 days/stored at $-1^{\circ}C$. The appearance was the best in Chonggak kimchi fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours/stored at $-1^{\circ}C$ and the worst was in Chonggak kimchi stored directly at $-1^{\circ}C$ without any fermentation. The overall acceptability of Chonggak kimchi fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours/stored at $-1^{\circ}C$ was good after 4 weeks of fermentation, but in Chonggak kimchi fermented at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 days or 6 days/stored at $-1^{\circ}C$ it was good after 6 weeks. Total microbial counts in most of Chonggak kimchi were reached to a maximum number within 7 days, and then decreased similarly at all modes. Leuconostoc spp. and Lactobacillus spp. increased to maximum number of $1.48{\times}10^9\;and\;5.62{\times}10^9$, respectively, in Chonggak kimchi fermented for 7 days. Yeast counts showed a increasing trend not depends on fermenting temperature and they were lower counts than those in Baechu kimchi. Waxy rice paste which added to Chonggak kimchi resulted in increasement of glucose as a carbon source and stimulated to reproduce the microbes in Chonggak kimchi.

총각김치의 pH는 $20^{\circ}C$ 24시간 발효/$-1^{\circ}C$ 저장조합의 경우 다른 조합에 비하여 발효 초기에 크게 낮아졌지만 첨가한 젓갈중의 단백질에 의한 완충작용에 의해 pH 변화는 크지 않았다. 산도도 발효온도가 높아짐에 따라 더 크게 증가하였고 초기 1주일 동안의 산도는 배추김치의 산도보다 낮았으나 그 이후에는 더 높은 산도를 보였는데 이는 총각김치에 첨가한 찹쌀풀에 의해 산도가 증가했기 때문이다. 특히 총각김치는 찹쌀풀을 많이 첨가할수록 총각김치의 발효 후기의 산도가 높아진다. 조직감에서 puncture force는 발효 8주 후까지 서서히 감소하다가 그 이후에는 거의 변화가 없었으며 무발효/$-1^{\circ}C$ 저장 조합의 경우에 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 관능평가의 경우 탄산미와 신맛은 $20^{\circ}C$ 24시간 발효/$-1^{\circ}C$ 저장 조합에서 가장 높았고 무발효/$-1^{\circ}C$ 저장 조합에서는 풋내와 같은 바람직하지 못한 풍미를 나타냈다. 경도는 발효온도가 높을수록 낮은 것으로 나타났고 $5^{\circ}C$ 3일 또는 6일 발효/$-1^{\circ}C$ 저장조합이 가장 적당한 경도를 나타냈다. 외관은 초기에 발효가 진행된 $20^{\circ}C$ 24시간 발효/$-1^{\circ}C$ 저장 조합이 가장 좋은 것으로 평가되었고 무발효/$-1^{\circ}C$ 저장 조합이 가장 나쁜 것으로 평가되었다. 총기호도는 발효온도가 낮을 경우 매운맛이 너무 강하게 느껴졌고 발효온도가 높을 경우 발효가 진행됨에 따라 매운맛도 감소하고 총기호도가 크게 증가하였다. 총균수는 $20^{\circ}C$ 24시간 발효/$-1^{\circ}C$ 저장 조합의 경우 7일 후에 $1.15{times}10^9,\;5^{\circ}C$ 6일 발효/$-1^{\circ}C$ 저장 조합의 경우 6일 후에, $5^{\circ}C$ 3일 발효/$-1^{\circ}C$ 저장 조합의 경우 7일 후에 각각 최고치를 나타냈으며 그 이후에는 거의 비슷한 경향으로 감소하였다. 젖산균 수는 $20^{\circ}C$ 24시간 발효/$-1^{\circ}C$ 저장 조합의 경우 Leuconostoc spp. 와 Lactobacillus spp. 는 7일 후에 각각 $1.18{\times}10^9$$5.62{\times}10^9$으로 최고치를 나타냈다. 효모수는 발효온도에 관계없이 약간씩 증가하는 경향을 보였지만 배추김치에서 보다 훨씬 낮은 경향을 나타냈고 첨가된 찹쌀풀에 의해 당 함량이 높아져 미생물수가 배추김치에서 보다 더 크게 증가하였다.

Keywords

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