DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Genetic Variability in the Fodder Yield, Chemical Composition and Disappearance of Nutrients in Brown Midrib and White Midrib Sorghum Genotypes

  • Singh, Sultan (Plant Animal Relationship Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute) ;
  • Prasad, S.V.Sai (Crop Improvement Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute) ;
  • Katiyar, D.S. (Crop Improvement Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute)
  • Received : 2002.07.11
  • Accepted : 2003.05.14
  • Published : 2003.09.01

Abstract

Samples of eleven brown midrib (ICSU 96031, ICSU 93046, ICSU 96082, ICSU 96078, ICSU 96075, ICSU 95101, ICSU 96034, ICSU 96063, ICSU 45116, ICSA 93-3 and ICSA 3845 X 3816) and nine white midrib genotypes (ICSU 96050, ICSU 96030, ISU 95082, SSG 59-3, FSHI 93-1, FSHI 2219A X 3211, HC 171, ICSA 93-2 and ICSA 93-1) based on their phenotypic appearance were collected at 50 per cent flowering from the sorghum germplasm grown at Research farm of IGFRI, Jhansi. These genotypes were evaluated with respect to crude protein, fiber composition, in-sacco dry matter, OM, cell wall components disappearance/digestibility besides the fodder yield, total phenolic and availability index values. Brown midrib genotypes were lower (p<0.05) in NDF, ADF, cellulose and acid detergent lignin concentration than white midrib genotypes. Mean NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin contents were 69.4, 42.1, 35.4 and 5.7% in brown mid rib vis-a vis 75.8, 47.5, 39.6 and 7.3% in white mid rib genotypes. Nonsignificant (p>0.05) differences were observed in dry matter, crude protein and organic matter contents between brown midrib and white midrib genotypes. Phenolic contents were significantly (p<0.05) lower in browm mid rib (0.2) than white mid rib (0.3%) sorghum. Brown midrib genotypes exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher in-sacco DM, OM and CP disappearance than normal (white midrib) genotypes. The mean degradability of DM, OM and CP was 64.1, 62.6 and 79.6% in brown mid rib and 53.1, 54.0 and 76.6% in white mid rib genotypes, respectively. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences between genotypes in extent of fiber fraction degradability though in-sacco NDF and ADF degradability was more by 5 and 4 units, respectively in brown midrib genotypes vis-a-vis white midrib genotypes. Average fodder yield (green and dry g/plant) and availability index (%) values were significantly (p<0.05) higher for brown midrib (474.2, 129.8 and 80.4) genotypes than white midrib (375.0, 104.8 and 69.2) genotypes. Lignin contents had significant negative correlation with DM, OM, NDF and ADF degradability. The results of the study revealed that brown midrib genotypes are superior not only with regard to chemical entities and disappearance of DM and fiber fractions but also better in respect of fodder yield and availability index values. Thus, brown midrib sorghum strains may be useful in increasing digestibility, intake, feed efficiency and animal performance.

Keywords

References

  1. Allen, M. S., M. Oba, D. Storck and J. F. Beck. 1997. Effect of brown mid rib 3 gene on forage quality and yield of corn hybrids. J. Dairy Sci. 80 (Suppl):157 (Abstr.).
  2. AOAC. 1992. Official methods of analysis, 14th eds. Assoc. of Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
  3. Block, E., L. E. Muller, L. C. Jr Griel and D. L. Garwood. 1981. Brown mid rib-3 corn silage and heat extruded soyabean for early lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 64:1813-1825. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(81)82770-1
  4. Burritt, E. A., A. S. Bittner and J. C. Street. 1984. Correlation of phenolic acids and xylose contents of cell wall with in vitro dry matter digestibility of three maturing grasses. J. Dairy Sci. 67:1209-1213. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81425-3
  5. Casler, M. D. 1987. In vitro digestion of DM and cell wall constituents of smooth broome grass forage. Crop. Sci. 27:935-939. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1987.0011183X002700050022x
  6. Cherney, J. H., K. J. Moore, J. J. Volenec and J. D. Axtell. 1986. Rate and extent of digestion of cell wall components of brown midrib sorghum species. Crop. Sci. 26:1055-1059. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1986.0011183X002600050044x
  7. Colenbrander, V. F., V. L. Lechtenberg and L. F. Bauman. 1973. Digestibility and feeding value of brown midrib corn stover silage. J. Anim. Sci. 37:294.
  8. Fritz, J. O., R. P. Cantrell, V. L. Lechtenberg, J. D. Axtell and Hertel. 1981. Brown midrib mutants in sudangrass and grain sorghum. Crop. Sci. 21:706-709. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1981.0011183X002100050019x
  9. Fritz, J. O., K. J. Moore and E. H. Joster. 1990. Digestion kinetics and cell wall composition of brown midrib sorghum${\times}$sudangrass morphological components. Crop. Sci. 30:213-219. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183X003000010046x
  10. Gee, M. S., O. E. Nelson and J. Kuc. 1968. Abnormal lignins produced by the brown midrib mutants of maize II. Comparative studies on normal and brown midrib-1 dimethylformamide lignins. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 123:403-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(68)90151-3
  11. Goering, H. K. and P. J. Vansoest. 1970. Forage fiber analysis. Agriculture Handbook No. 379, AR, USDA, Washington. DC.
  12. Jun, H. H. 1989. Forage lignins and their effect on fiber digestibility. Agron. J. 81:33-38. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1989.00021962008100010006x
  13. Kuc, J. and O. E. Nelson. 1964. The abnormal lignins produced by the brown midrib mutants of maize Ithe brown midrib-1 mutants. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 105:103-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(64)90240-1
  14. Lechtenberg, V. L., V. F. Colebrander, L. F. Bauman and C. L. Rhykerd. 1974. Effect of lignin on rate of in vitro cell wall and cellulose disappearance in corn. J. Anim. Sci. 39:1165-1169. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1974.3961165x
  15. Mehrez, A. Z. and E. R. Orskov. 1977. A study of artificial bag technique for determining the digestibility of feeds in the rumen. J. Agric. Sci. 88:645. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600037321
  16. Morrison, I. M. 1979. Carbohydrate chemistry and rumen digestion. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 38:269-74. https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS19790048
  17. Muller, L. D., R. F. Barner, L. F Bauman and V. F. Colenbrander. 1971. Variation in lignin and other structural components of brown midrib mutants of maize. Crop. Sci. 11:413- 415. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1971.0011183X001100030030x
  18. Muller, L. D., V. L. Lechtenberg, L. F. Bauman, R. F. Barnes and C. L. Rhykerd. 1972. In vivo evaluation of brown mid rib mutant of zea mays L. J. Anim. Sci. 35:883-889. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1972.354883x
  19. Neilson, M. J. and G. N. Richarcn. 1982. Chemical structures in a lignin-carbohydrate complex isolated from the bovine rumen. Carbohydrate Res. 104:121-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82225-9
  20. Oba, M. and M. S. Allen. 1999. Effect of brown mid rib-3 mutation in corn silage on dry matter intake and productivity of high yielding dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82:135-142. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75217-3
  21. Porter, K. S., J. D. Axtell, V. L. Lechtenberg and V. F. Colenbrander. 1978. Phenotype, fiber composition and in vitro dry matter disappearence of chemically induced brown midrib mutants of sorghum. Crop Sci. 18:205-208. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1978.0011183X001800020002x
  22. Singh, Sultan and D. S. Katiyar. 2003. Effect of maturity on chemical composition, sugar contents, leaf to stem ratio and in vitro dry matter digestibility of various sorghum cultivars at different stages of maturity. Indian J. Anim. Sci. (In Press).
  23. Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Cochran. 1994. Statistical Methods. 8th eds. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, India
  24. Stallings, C. C., B. M. Donaldson, J. W. Thomas and E. C. Rossman. 1982. In vivo evaluation of brown mid rib corn silage by sheep and lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 65:1945-1949. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(82)82443-0
  25. Tjardes, K. E., D. D. Buskirk, M. S. Allen, N. K. Ames, L. D. Bourquint and S. R. Rust. 2002. Brown mid rib -3 gene corn silage improves digestion but not performance of growing beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 78:2957-2965.
  26. Vansoest, P. J. and L. A. Moore. 1965. New chemical methods for analysis of forages for the purpose of predicting nutritive value. Proc. IX. Int. Grassland Congress. Saopaulo Brazil pp. 789.
  27. Vansoest, P. J. 1981. Limiting factors in plant residues of low biodegradability. Agric.Environ. 6:135-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-1131(81)90005-9
  28. Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. 2nd ed. Cornell Uni. Press, Ithaca, New york.
  29. Weller, R. F., R. H. Phipps and A. Cooper. 1985. The effect of the brown mid rib -3 gene on the maturity and yield of forage maize. Grass Forage Sci. 40:335-339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1985.tb01761.x

Cited by

  1. Lignin: Characterization of a Multifaceted Crop Component vol.2013, pp.1537-744X, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/436517
  2. Comparative Effects of the Sorghum bmr ‐6 and bmr ‐12 Genes: II. Grain Yield, Stover Yield, and Stover Quality in Grain Sorghum vol.45, pp.6, 2003, https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.0660
  3. Effects of Additives on Laying Performance, Metabolic Profile, and Egg Quality of Hens Fed a High Level of Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) during the Peak Laying Period vol.19, pp.4, 2006, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.573
  4. White Midrib (WMR) vs Brown Midrib (BMR) sorghum: perspective of nutrient value for ruminant forage vol.788, pp.1, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/788/1/012164