Advances in Traditional Medicine

Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center (경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of thymus extract on the activation of cytotoxic and accessory functions of tumor-associated macrophages

  • Published : 2004.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The present investigation was under taken to study whether the tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) of Daltons lymphoma (DL), a spontaneous transplantable murine T cell lymphoma can be activated to tumoricidal state by crude thymus extract. Intraperitoneal administration of thymus extract to DL-bearing mice resulted in activation of TAM with an enhanced IL-1, TNF and antigen presenting ability. It was found that treatment with thymus extract could also enhance the phagocytic and cytotoxic activity of TAM. However, only a marginal increase in arginase activity was observed. Till date to the best of our knowledge the effect of crude thymus extract on the activation of tumor associated macrophages has not been investigated, this study provides a new piece of information in the area of thymus therapy.

Keywords

References

  1. Adams DO, Hamilton TA. (1984) The cell biology of macrophage activation. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 2, 283-318. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.02.040184.001435
  2. Alleva DC, Burger CJ, Elgert KD. (1994) Tumor induced regulation of suppressor macrophage nitric oxide and $TNF-{\alpha}$ Production: role of Tumor derived IL-10, $TNF-{\beta}$, and Prostaglandin E2. J. Immunol. 153, 1674-1685.
  3. Barker RN, Erwig LP, Hill KS, Devine A, Pearce WP, Rees AJ. (2002) Antigen presentation by macrophages is enhanced by the uptake of necrotic, but not apoptotic, cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 127, 220-225. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01774.x
  4. Baumann C, Badamchian M, Goldstein AL. (1997) Preclinical studies of thymosinal and thymosin b4. In: Thymic peptides in preclinical and clinical medicine and update, edited by Maurer HR, Goldstein AL, Hager ED, W Zuckschwerdt Verlag Munchen, p. 13-27.
  5. Ben-Effraim s. (1999) One hundred years of cancer Immunotherapy: A critical appraisal. Tumor Biol. 20, 1-24.
  6. Bingle C, Brown NJ, Lewis CE. (2002) The role of tumor associated macrophages in tumor progression implications of new anticancer therapies. J. Pathol. 196, 254-265. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1027
  7. Bodey B, Bodey B Jr, Sigel SE, Kaiser HE. (2000) Review of thymic hormones in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Int. Immunopharmacol. 22, 261-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00084-3
  8. Chu CS, Woo FY, Toll AJ, Rubin SC, June CH Caroll RG, Schlenger K. (2002) Tumor associated macrophages as a source of functional dendritic cells in ovarian cancer patients. Clin. Immunol. 102, 291-301. https://doi.org/10.1006/clim.2001.5179
  9. Eckert K, Garbin F, Grunberg E, Maurer HR. (1997) Prothymosinal: Preclinical studies with immune cells from cancer patients. In Thymic peptides in preclinical and clinical medicine and update W Zuckschwerdt Verlag Munchen, VII-VIII.
  10. Eckert K, Mayer G, Stange R, Kalden M, Krasagakis K Maurer HR. (1997) Effect of thymic peptides, in vitro, on the impaired immunocytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from tumor patients. Int. J. Oncol. 10, 481-486.
  11. Evans R Haskill S. (1983) The reticuloendothelial system: A Comprehensive treaties. Int. Cancer. 5, 155-176.
  12. Foss FM. (2002) Immunologic mechanism of antitumor activity. Semin. Oncol. 3, 5-11.
  13. Garaci E, Pica F, Rasi G, Favalli C. (2000) Thymosinal in the treatment of cancer from basic research to clinical application. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 22, 1067-1076. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00075-8
  14. Garaci C, Torrisi MR, Jezzi T, Frati L, Goldstein AL, Garaci E. (1985) Receptors for Thymosinal on mouse thymocytes. Cell. Immunol. 91, 289. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8749(85)90051-6
  15. Garbin F, Eckert K, Buttner P, Garbe C, Maurer HR. (1995) The influence of thymic preparation thymex-L on deficient antitumor activity of monocytes from melanoma patients in vitro. Oncol. Rep. 2, 469-472.
  16. Gupta P, Sodhi A. (1988) Study on pinocytosis and antigen presentation by murine peritoneal macrophages to T -cell in vitro after cisplatin treatment. Archivum. Immunologiae. ET. Therapiae. Experimentalis. 36, 315.
  17. Kovacsovics-Bankowski M, Clark K, Benacerraf B, Rock K (1993) Efficient major histocompatablity complex class-1 presentation of exogenous antigen upon phagocytosis by macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90, 4942-4946. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.11.4942
  18. Kullavanuaya P, Treeprasertsuk S, Thongngam B, Chaermthai K, Gonlachanvit S, Suwanagool P. (2001) The combined treatment of Interferon alpha-2a and thymosinal for chronic hepatitis C: The 48 weeks of treatment result. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 84, 5462-5468.
  19. Kumar A, Singh SM. (1995) Effect of Daltons lymphoma on as antigen presentation of murine peritoneal macrophages. Cancer Lett. 92, 151-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(95)03778-U
  20. Kumar A, Parajuali P, Singh SM. (1994) Modulatory effects of Daltons Lymphoma cells on the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates, IL-1 and TNF by murine peritoneal macrophages. Neoplasma. 44, 363.
  21. Loidi L, Vidal A, Zalvide ZB, Puente JL, Reyes F, Dominguez F. (1997) Development of ELISA to estimate thymosinal, the N terminus of prothymosina in human tumors. Clin. Chem. 43, 59-63.
  22. Mantovani A, Bottazzi B, Sozzani S, Peri G, Allavena P, Gangdong G, Vicchi A, Colotta F. (1993) Cytokine regulation of tumor associated macrophages. Res. Immunol. 144, 280-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/0923-2494(93)80108-B
  23. Mantovani A, Bottazzi B, Colotta F, Sozzani SR, Uco L. (1992) Origin and function of tumor associated macrophages. Immunol. Today. 13, 265-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(92)90008-U
  24. Millis CD. (1991) Molecular basis of "suppressor" macrophages. Arginine metabolism via the nitric oxide synthase pathway. J. Immunol. 149, 2709-2711.
  25. Mosmann T. (1983) Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assay. J. Immunol. Meth. 65, 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
  26. Oda T, Maeda H. (1986) A new simple fluorometric assay for phagocytosis. J. Immunol. Meth. 88, 175-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(86)90004-9
  27. Ohmori H, Kamo M, Yamakoshi K, Nitta MH, Hikida M, Kanayama N. (2001) Restoration of immunocyte function by thymosinal in cyclophosphamide induced immunodeficient mice. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 23, 75-82. https://doi.org/10.1081/IPH-100102569
  28. Onozaki K, Matsushima K, Aggrawl BB, Oppenheim JJ. (1985) Human IL-1 is a cytocidal factor for several tumor cell lines. J. Immunol. 135, 3962.
  29. Parajuli P, Singh SM. (1996) Alteration in IL-1 and arginase activity of tumor-associated macrophage: a role in the promotion of tumor growth. Cancer Lett. 107, 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(96)04378-9
  30. Parajuli P, Singh SM, Kumar A, Sodhi A. (1997) Alterations in the tumoricidal functions of murine tumor associated macrophages during progressive growth of tumor in vivo. Cancer J. 10, 222-228.
  31. Rinaldi-Garaci C Garaci E, Del Gobbo V, Favalli C, Jezzi T, Goldestin AL, (1983) Modulation of endogenous prostaglandins by thymosinal in lymphocytes. Cell Immunol. 80, 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8749(83)90093-X
  32. Roy R, Singh SM, Shanker A. (2000) Mechanism of thymocyte apoptosis induced by serum of tumor-bearing host: the molecular events involved and their inhibition by thymosinal. Int. J. Immunophamzacol. 22, 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0192-0561(99)00087-9
  33. Shanker A. (1999) Apoptosis as a mechanism of immunosuppression in tumor-bearing mice. In Ph.D. thesis submitted to Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Chapter No. 5, p. 71-89.
  34. Shanker A, Singh SM, Sodhi A. (2000) Ascitic growth of a spontaneous T cell lymphoma induces thymic involution 1. Alterations in the repertoire of $CD4^+$ / $CD8^+$ thymocytes. Tumor Biol. 21, 288-298. https://doi.org/10.1159/000030134
  35. Shanker A, Singh SM, Sodhi A. (2000) Ascitic growth of a spontaneous transplantable T cell lymphoma induces thymic involution 2. Induction of apoptosis in thymocytes. Tumor Biol. 21, 315-327. https://doi.org/10.1159/000030137
  36. Shanker A, Singh SM, Sodhi A. (2000) Impairment of T cell function with the progressive ascitic growth of transplantable T cell lymphoma of spontaneous origin. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 27, 247-255. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01437.x