Computers and Concrete

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The fractal analysis of the fracture surface of concretes made from different coarse aggregates

  • Received : 2004.06.26
  • Accepted : 2005.05.19
  • Published : 2005.06.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The article presents the results of examination of the fractal dimension D of concrete specimen fracture surfaces obtained in fracture toughness tests. The concretes were made from three different types of coarse aggregate: gravel, dolomite and basalt aggregate. Ordinary concretes (C40) and high-performance concretes (HPC) were subjected to testing after 7, 14, 28 and 90 days of curing, respectively. In fracture toughness and compressive tests, different behaviours of concretes were found, depending on the type of aggregate and class of concrete (C40, HPC). A significant increase in the strength parameters tested occurred also after a period of 28 days (up to the $90^{th}$ day of curing) and was particularly large for concretes C40. Fractal examinations performed on fracture replicas showed that the fractal dimension D was diverse, depending on the coarse aggregate type and concrete class being, however, statistically constant after 7 and 14 days for respective concretes during curing. The fractal dimension D was the greater, the worse strength properties were possessed by the concrete. A cross-grain crack propagation occurred in that case, due to weak cohesion forces at the coarse aggregate/mortar interface. A similar effect was observed for C40 and HPC made from the same aggregate. A greater dimension D was exhibited by concretes C40, in which case the fracture was easier to form compared with high-performance concretes, where, as a result of high aggregate/mortar cohesion forces, the crack propagation was of inter-granular type, and the resulted fracture was flatter.

Keywords

References

  1. Bochenek, A., Prokopski, G. (1989), "The investigation of aggregate grain size effect on fracture toughness of ordinary concrete structures", Int. J. Fract, 41, 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018657
  2. Carpinteri, A., Chiaia, B. (1997), "Multifractal scaling laws in the breaking behaviour of disordered material", Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 8(2), 135-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(96)00088-4
  3. Carpinteri, A., Chiaia, B., Invernizzi, S. (1999), "Three-dimensional fractal analysis of concrete fracture at the meso-level", Theoret. Appl. Fract. Mech., 31, 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8442(99)00011-7
  4. Chiaia, B., van Mier, J. G. M., Vervuurt, A. (1998), "Crack growth mechanisms in four different concrete: Microscopic observations and fractal analysis", Cem. Concr. Res., 28(1), 103-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(97)00221-4
  5. Determination of fracture parameters ( $K^{s}_{fc}$ and CTODc) of plain concrete using three-point bend tests, (1990), RILEM Draft Recommendations, TC 89-FMT Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Test Methods, Materials and Structures 23.
  6. Dougan, L. T., Addison, P. S. (2001), "Estimating the cut-off in fractal scalling of fractured concrete", Cem. Concr. Res., 31, 1043-1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00518-X
  7. Heinemann, A., Hermann, H., Wetzig, K. I., Häussler, F., Baumbach, H., Kröning, M. (1999), "Fractal microstructures in hydrating cement paste", J. Mat. Sci. Lett, 18, 1413-1416. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006671423783
  8. Issa, M. A., Hammad, A. M., Chudnovsky, A. (1993), "Correlation between crack tortuosity and fracture toughness in cementitious material", Int. J. Fract, 60, 97-105. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00012438
  9. Issa, M. A., Islam, Md. S., Chudnovsky, A. (2003), "Fractal dimension - a measure of fracture roughness and toughness of concrete", Eng. Fract. Mech. 70, 125-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00019-X
  10. Jones, R., Kaplan, M. F. (1957), "The effects of coarse aggregate on the mode of failure of concrete in compression and flexure", Mag. Concr. Res, 9(26).
  11. Konkol, J., Prokopski, G. (2004), "Analysis of the fracture surface morphology of concrete by the method of vertical sections", Computers & Concrete, 1, 389-400. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2004.1.4.389
  12. Kuczy ski, W. (1958), "Influence of coarse aggregate on strength of concrete", Arch. Civ. Eng., 4(2), 181-209 (in polish).
  13. Peng, J., Wu, Z., Zhao, G. (1997), "Fractal analysis of fracture in concrete", Theoret. Appl. Fract. Mech., 27, 135-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8442(97)00015-3
  14. Prokopski, G. (1990), "The investigation of sort and coarse aggregate content on fracture toughness of concrete", Arch. Civ. Eng., 36(1-2), 121-135 (in polish).
  15. Prokopski, G. (1993), "Effect of coarse aggregate quantity on fracture toughness of concretes", J. Mat. Sci., 28 5717-5721. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00365171
  16. Prokopski, G. (2003), "Mechanical properties growth of ordinary and high performance concrete, made with Portland cement, between 7-th and 90-th day of curing", Roads and Bridges, 2, 111-125 (in polish).
  17. Prokopski, G., Langier, B. (2000), "Effect of water/cement ratio and silica fume addition on the fracture toughness and morphology of fractured surfaces of gravel concretes", Cem. Concr. Res., 30, 1427-1433. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00332-X
  18. Saouma, V. E., Barton, C. C. (1994), "Fractals, fractures, and size effects in concrete", J. Eng. Mech. 120(4), 835-854.
  19. Saouma, V. E., Barton, C. C., Gamaleldin, N. A. (1990), "Fractal characterization of fracture surfaces in concrete", Eng. Fract. Mech., 35(1/2/3), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(90)90182-G
  20. Winsolw, D. N. (1985) "The fractal nature of the surface of cement paste", Cem. Concr. Res., 15, 817-824. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(85)90148-6
  21. Yan, A., Wu, K.-R., Zhang, D., Yao, W. (2001), "Effect of fracture path on the fracture energy of high-strength concrete", Cem. Concr. Res., 31, 1601-1606. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00610-X
  22. Yan, A., Wu, K.-R., Zhang, D., Yao, W. (2003), "Influence of concrete composition on the characterization of fracture surface", Cem. Concr. Comp., 25, 153-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00004-5

Cited by

  1. The necessary number of profile lines for the analysis of concrete fracture surfaces vol.25, pp.5, 2007, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2007.25.5.565
  2. Fracture toughness and fracture surfaces morphology of metakaolinite-modified concrete vol.123, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.025
  3. Fracture Toughness and Fracture Surface Morphology of Concretes Modified with Selected Additives of Pozzolanic Properties vol.9, pp.8, 2005, https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9080174
  4. A Fractal Model of Cracking of Cement Matrix Composites vol.10, pp.3, 2005, https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10030052
  5. Fractal equations to represent optimized grain size distributions used for concrete mix design vol.26, pp.6, 2005, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2020.26.6.505