Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine (동의생리병리학회지)

The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and The Society of Pathology in Korean Medicine (대한동의생리학회·한의병리학회)
권호 표지

Effects of the Combined-administration of Ginseng Radix Rubra and Vitis Fructus on Immune Response

홍삼(紅蔘).포도(葡萄) 병용투여가 면역반응에 미치는 영향

  • Published : 2006.04.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Immunological activities of the combined-administration of Ginseng Radix Rubra and Vitis Fructus were examined in C57BL/6 mice. Ginseng Radix Rubra and Vitis Fructus were extracted with distilled water or 40% ethyl alcohol. Ginseng Radix Rubra water extracts (GW), the mixture (1:1) of Ginseng Radix Rubra and Vitis Fructus water extracts [GVW(1:1)], the mixture (1:3) of Ginseng Radix Rubra and Vitis Fructus water extracts [GVW(1:3)], 40% ethyl alcohol extracts of Ginseng Radix Rubra (GE), the mixture (1:1) of Ginseng Radix Rubra and Vitis Fructus 40% ethyl alcohol extracts [GVE(1:1)] and the mixture (1:3) of Ginseng Radix Rubra and Vitis Fructus 40% ethyl alcohol extracts [GVE(1:3)] were administered p.o. once a day for 7 days, respectively. GVW(1:1) and GVW(1:3) decreased the viability of thymocytes increased by GW, but GVE(1:1) and GVE(1:3) increased the viability of thymocytes decreased by GE. GVW(1:1) and GVW(1:3) increased the viability of splenocytes decreased by GW or GE. Also, GVW(1:1) and GVE(1:1) enhanced the population of helper T cell in thymocytes, and GVE(1:1) and GVE(1:3) decreased the population of cytotoxic T cells increased by GE. Furthermore, GVW(1:1), GVW(1:3), GVE(1:1) and GVE(1:3) enhanced the population of $B220^+$ cells decreased by GW or GE, and decreased the population of $Thyl^+$ cells increased by GW or GE, and decreased the population of splenic $CD4^+$ cells increased by GW or GE. In addition, GVW(1:1) and GVW(1:3) decreased the phagocytic activity and the production of nitric oxide in peritoneal macrophages increased by GW, but GVE(1:1) and GVE(1:3) enhanced the phagocytic activity and the production of nitric oxide in peritoneal macrophages decreased by GE. These results suggest that Vitis Fructus has an regulative action on immune response of Ginseng Radix Rubra.

Keywords

References

  1. 江蘇新醫學院編: 中藥大辭典, 上海, 上海科學技術出版社, p 2315, 1978
  2. 강병수 외: 한의학대사전, 서울, 도서출판 정담, p 1282, 1698, 1998
  3. 劉正才 外: 中醫免疫, 重慶, 重慶出版社, pp 15-20, 1983
  4. Kim, J.Y., Germolec, D.R. and Luster, M.I. Panax ginseng as a potential immunomodulator: studies in mice. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol., 12(2):257-276, 1990 https://doi.org/10.3109/08923979009019672
  5. Liou, C.J., Huang, W.C. and Tseng, J. Long-term oral administration of ginseng extract modulates humoral immune response and spleen cell functions. Am. J. Chin. Med., 33(4):651-661, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X05003247
  6. Kenarova, B., Neychev, H., Hadjiivanova, C. and Petkov, V.D. Immunomodulating activity of ginsenoside Rg1 from Panax ginseng. Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 54(4):447-454, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.54.447
  7. Lee, E.J., Ko, E., Lee, J., Rho, S., Ko, S., Shin, M.K., Min, B.I., Hong, M.C., Kim, S.Y. and Bae, H. Ginsenoside Rg1 enhances CD4(+) T-cell activities and modulates Th1/Th2 differentiation. Int. Immunopharmacol., 4(2):235-244, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2003.12.007
  8. Xiaoguang, C., Hongyan, L., Xiaohong, L., Zhaodi, F., Yan, L., Lihua, T. and Rui, H. Cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic activities of red ginseng. J. Ethnopharmacol., 60(1):71-78, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(97)00133-5
  9. Kaneko, H. and Nakanishi, K. Proof of the mysterious efficacy of ginseng: basic and clinical trials: clinical effects of medical ginseng, korean red ginseng: specifically, its anti-stress action for prevention of disease. J. Pharmacol. Sci., 95(2):158-162, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1254/jphs.FMJ04001X5
  10. Soares, D.M.R., Costa, V.F.S., Souza, M.A., Kovary, K., Guedes, D.C., Oliveira, E.P., Rubenich, L.M., Carvalho, L.C., Oliveira, R.M., Tano, T., Gusmao, C.M.L. Antihypertensive, vasodilator and antioxidant effects of a vinifera grape skin extract. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 54(11):1515-1520, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1211/002235702153
  11. Briedis, V., Povilaityte, V., Kazlauskas S. and Venskutonis, P.R. Polyphenols and anthocyanins in fruits, grapes juices and wines, and evaluation of their antioxidant activity. Medicina, 39(2):104-112, 2003
  12. Madeira, S.V., de Castro, R.A., Ognibene, D.T., de Sousa, M.A. and Soares de Moura, R. Mechanism of the endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect of an alcohol-free extract obtained from a vinifera grape skin. Pharmacol. Res., 52(4):321-327, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2005.05.005
  13. Mizel, S.B., Openheim, J.J. and Rosensteich, D.L. Characterization of lymphocyte-activating factor(LAF) produced by the macrophage cell line P388D1. J. Immunol., 120, 1497-1503, 1979
  14. Mosmann, T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxic assays. J. Immunol. methods, 65, 55-63, 1983 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
  15. Kotnic, V. and Fleischmann, W.R.Jr. A simple and rapid method to determine hematopoietic growth factor activity. J. Immunol. methods, 129, 23-30, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(90)90416-S
  16. Suda, T. and Nagata, S. Purification and characterization of the Fas-ligand that induces apoptosis. J. Exp. Med., 179, 873-879, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.179.3.873
  17. Boudard, F., Vallot, N., Cabaner, C. and Bastide, M. Chemiluminenscence and nitrite determinations by the MALU macrophage cell line. J. Immunol. Methods, 174, 259-268, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(94)90030-2
  18. Blair, A.L., Cree, I.A., Beck, J.S. and Hating, M.J.G. Measurement of phagocyte chemiluminenscence in a microtiter plate format. J. Immunol. Methods, 112, 163-168, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(88)90352-3
  19. Chok, P.W., Choon, S.P. and Benjamin, H.S. A rapid and simple microfluorometric phagocytosis assay. J. Immuno. Methods, 162, 1, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(93)90400-2
  20. Rockett, K.A., Awburn, M.M., Cowden, W.B. and Clark, I.A. Killing of Plasmodium faciparum in vitro by nitric oxide derivatives. Infec. Immunity, 59(9):3280-3283, 1991
  21. Channon, J.Y., Leslie, C.C. and Johnston, Jr. R.B. Zymosan-stimulated production of phosphatidic acid by macrophages: relationship to release of superoxide anion and inhibition by agents that increase intracellular cyclic AMP. J. Leucocyte Biol., 41, 450-455, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1002/jlb.41.5.450
  22. Scaglione, F., Ferrara, F., Dugnani, S., Falchi, M., Santoro, G. and Fraschini, F. Immunomodulatory effects of two extracts of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 16(10):537-542, 1990
  23. See, D.M., Broumand, N., Sahl, L. and Tilles, J.G. In vitro effects of echinacea and ginseng on natural killer and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in healthy subjects and chronic fatigue syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Immunopharmacology, 35(3):229-235, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0162-3109(96)00125-7
  24. Gillis, C.N. Panax ginseng pharmacology: a nitric oxide link? Biochem. Pharmacol., 54(1):1-8, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00193-7
  25. Friedl, R., Moeslinger, T., Kopp, B. and Spieckermann, P.G. Stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis by the aqueous extract of Panax ginseng root in RAW 264.7 cells. Br. J. Pharmacol., 134(8):1663-1670, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0704425
  26. Wilasrusmee, C., Siddiqui, J., Bruch, D., Wilasrusmee, S., Kittur, S. and Kittur, D.S. In vitro immunomodulatory effects of herbal products. Am. Surg., 68(10):860-864, 2002
  27. Liu, J., Wang, S., Liu, H., Yang, L. and Nan, G. Stimulatory effect of saponin from Panax ginseng on immune function of lymphocytes in the elderly. Mech. Ageing Dev., 83(1):43-53, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-6374(95)01618-A
  28. Luo, Y.M., Cheng, X.J. and Yuan, W.X. Effects of ginseng root saponins and ginsenoside Rb1 on immunity in cold water swim stress mice and rats. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao, 14(5):401-404, 1993
  29. Morisaki, N., Watanabe, S., Tezuka, M., Zenibayashi, M., Shiina, R., Koyama, N., Kanzaki, T. and Saito Y. Mechanism of angiogenic effects of saponin from ginseng Radix rubra in human umbilical vein endotherial cells. Br. J. Pharmacol. 115(7):1188-1193, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb15023.x
  30. Nakajima, S., Uchiyama, Y., Yoshida, K., Mizukawa, H. and Haruki, E. The effects of ginseng radix rubra on human vascular endothelium cells. Am. J. Chin. Med., 26(3-4):365-373, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X98000403
  31. Kwon, Y.S., Jang, K.H. and Jang, I.H. The effects of Korean red ginseng on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in dogs. J. Vet. Sci., 4(1):83-92, 2003
  32. Lu, Y., Zhao, W.Z., Chang, Z., Chen, W.X. and Li, L. Procyanidins from grape seeds protect against phorbol ester-induced oxidative cellular and genotoxic damage. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 25(8):1083-1089, 2004
  33. Aldini, G., Carini, M., Piccoli, A., Rossoni, G. and Facino, R.M. Procyanidines from grape seeds protect endotherial cells from peroxynitrite damage and enhance endothelium-dependent relaxation in human artery: new evidences for cardio-protection. Life Sci., 73(22):2883-2898, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00697-0
  34. Zhao, C., Giusti, M.M., Malik, M., Moyer, M.P. and Magnuson, B.A. Effects of commercial anthocyanin-rich extracts on colonic cancer and nontumorigenic colonic cell growth. J. Agric. Food Chem., 52(20):6122-6128, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049517a
  35. Percival, S.S. and Sims, C.A. Wine modifies the effects of alcohol on immune cells of mice. J. Nutri. 130, 1091-1094, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.5.1091
  36. Miceli, M.C. and Parnes, J.R. The role of CD4 and CD8 in T cell activation and differentiation. Advances in Immunology, 53, 59, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60498-8
  37. Abbas, A. K., Lichtman, A. H. and Pober, J. S. Cellular and molecular immunology. p.177-178 Saunders Company(2ed). U.S.A., 1994
  38. Han, S.K., Song, J.Y., Yun, Y.S. and Yi, S.Y. Ginsan improved Th1 immune response inhibited by gamma radiation. Arch. Pharm. Res., 28(3):343-350, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02977803
  39. Breiheim, G., Stendahl, O. and Dahlgren, C. Intra- and extracellular events in luminol-dependent chemilulinescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Infect. Immun., 45, 1-8, 1984
  40. Song, Z., Moser, C., Wu, H., Larsen, M.W., Johansen, H.K., Faber, V., Kharazmi, A. and Hoiby, N. Ginseng modulates the immune response via its effect on cytokine production-secondary publication. Ugeskr. Laeger., 167(33):3054-3056, 2005