Long-term Survival Analysis of Bronchioloalveolar Cell Carcinoma

기관세지폐포암의 장기결과분석

  • Lee Seung Hyun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim Yong Hee (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Moon Hye Won (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim Dong Kwan (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim Jong Wook (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangneung Asan Medical Center) ;
  • Park Seung Il (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
  • 이승현 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김용희 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 문혜원 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김동관 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김종욱 (강릉아산병원 흉부외과) ;
  • 박승일 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 흉부외과학교실)
  • Published : 2006.02.01

Abstract

Background: Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is an uncommon primary malignancy of the lung, and it accounts for $2{\~}14\%$ of all pulmonary malignancies. According to World Health Organization (WHO) categorisation, BAC is a subtype of adenocarcinoma. The current definition of BAC includes the following: malignant neoplasms of the lung that have no evidence of extrathoracic primary adenocarcinoma, an absence of a central bronchogenic source, a peripheral parenchymal location, and neoplastic cells growing along the alveolar septa. Previous reports had demonstrated a better prognosis following surgery for patients affected by BAC than those affected by other type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aim to analyse Asan Medical Center experiences of BAC. Material and Method: Between 1990 and 2002, 31 patients were received operations for BAC. We analyse retrosepectively sex, age, disease location, preoperative clinical stage, postoperative pathologic stage & complications, survival according to medical record. Result: There were 12 men and 19 women, the average age was 61.09$\pm$10.63 ($31{\~}79$) years. Tumor locations were 7 in RUL, 1 in RML, 4 in RLL, 8 in LUL, 11 in LLL. Operations were 28 lobectomies, 2 pneumonectomies. Postoperative pathologic stage were 12 T1N0M0, 15 T2N0M0, 1 T1N1M0, 1 T1N2M0, 1 T2N2M0, 1 T1N0M1. Mortality were 4 cases ($12.9\%$) and there were no early mortality. Cancer free death was 1 cases, other 3 were cancer related deaths. All of them were affected by distal metastasis and received chemotherapy and each metastatic locations were right rib, brain, and both lung field. The average follow up periods were 50.87$\pm$24.77 months. The overall 3, 5-year survival rate among all patients was $97.1\%,\;83.7\%$, stage I patients overall 2, 5year survival rate was $96.3\%$. The overall disease free 1, 2, 5-year survival rate among all patients was $100\%,\;90\%,\;76\%$ and 2, 5-year survival rate in cases of stage I was $96.4\%,\;90.6\%$. 7 cases ($22.58\%$) were chemotherapies, 1 case ($3.22\%$) was radiation therapy, and 2 cases ($6.45\%$) were chemoradiation therapies. Metastatic locations were 3 cases in lung, 1 case in bone, 1 cases in brain. Conclusion: BAC has a favourable survival and low recurrence rate compare with reported other NSCLC after operative resections.

배경: 기관세지페포암종은 흔치않은 폐암으로 $2{\~}14\%$의 유병률을 보인다. WHO의 분류에 따르면 일종의 선암으로 분류되며 최근의 정의에 의하면 흉강내 일차 원발성 선암병변이 없어야 하며, 중심기관지내의 원발병변이 없고, 말초기관에 국한되어야 하며 폐간질의 침범이 없고 암종의 실장이 폐포격막을 따라서 성장해야 한다. 또한 동일병기의 다른 비소세포폐암보다 술 후 생존율이 좋은 것으로 보고된다. 이에 기관세지폐포암의 장기결과에 대한 분석을 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 서울아산병원 흉부외과학교실에서 1990년 1월부터 2002년 12월까지 술 후 기관세지폐포암으로 병리 진단을 받은 31명의 환자를 대상으로 환자의 나이, 성별, 발생부위, 조직학적 병기, 술 후 부작용, 술 후 재발여부, 술 후 항암화학요법, 방사선요법 여부와 술 후 생존여부를 의무기록을 토대로 조사하였다. 결과: 환자의 평균연령은 61.09$\pm$10.63세($31{\~}79$세)이고 남녀의 성비는 12 : 19였다. 발병부위는 우상엽 7예, 우중엽 1예, 우하엽 4예, 좌상엽 8예, 좌하엽 11예였다. 수술은 엽절제술 28예, 전폐절제술 2예였고, 술 후 병리학적병기는 TIN0M0 (stage Ia) 12예($38.70\%$), T2N0M0 (stage Ib) 15예($48.38\%$), T1N1M0 (stageIIa) 1예($3.22\%$), T1N1M0 (stageIIb) 1예($3.22\%$), T2N2M0 (stage IIIa) 1예 ($3.22\%$), T1N0M1 (stage IV) 1예($3.22\%$)였다. 술 후 경과 추적 중에 사망은 4예($12.90\%$)였다. 한 명(T1N0M0, stage Ib)은 술 후 퇴원하였다가 2개월 후에 재발 없이 전신상태 악화에 의한 사망이었고, 한 명(T2N2M0, stage IIIa)은 술 후 29개월째에 우측 늑골 전이로 항암화학요법 중에 사망하였다. 한 명(T1N1M0, stage IIa)은 술후 항암화학요법 중 34개월에 뇌전이가 있었으나 치료거부 후 퇴원하였다가 사망하였다. 한 명(T1N0M0, stage Ib)은 술 후 방사선요법 중에 21개월 째에 양측폐에 다발성 결절을 보이는 전이로 치료 중 사망하였다. 술 후 평균 추적기간은 50.87$\pm$24.77개월이었다. 전체 생존율을 분석해보면 3년에 $97.1\%$, 5년에 $83.7\%$였다. 병기1기 환자의 경우 2년에 $96.3\%$, 5년에 $96.3\%$로 나왔다. 전체 환자의 재발 없는 생존율을 분석해보면 1년에 $100\%$, 2년에 $90\%$, 5년에 $76\%$이고 병기 1기의 경우 2년에 $96.4\%$, 5년에 $90.6\%$였다. 술 후 항암화학요법을 시행한 환자는 7명으로 $22.58\%$이고, 술 후 항암방사선요법을 시행한 환자는 1명으로 $3.22\%$, 2가지 모두 시행한 환자는 2명으로 $6.45\%$였다. 재발부위는 폐전이 3예, 골전이가 1예, 뇌전이가 1예였다. 결론: 기관세지폐포암은 동일병기의 다른 비소세포암보다 수술 절제 후에 비교적 재발률이 적고 병기가 초기인 경우 생존율이 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Furak J, Trojan I, Szoke T, et al. Bronchioloalveolar lung cancer: occurrence, surgical treatment and survival. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003;23:818-23 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(03)00084-8
  2. Rena O, Papalia E, Ruffini E, et al. Stage I pure bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: recurrences, survival and comparison with adenocarcinoma of the lung. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003;23:409-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/s1010-7940(02)00830-8
  3. Malassez L. Examen histologique d'un cas de cancer encephaloide du poumon (epithelioma). Arch Physiol Norm Pathol 1876;3;353-72
  4. Musser JH. Primary cancer of the lung. Univ Penn Bull 1903;16;289-96
  5. Storey CF, Kundtsor KP, Lawrence BJ. Bronchiolar (alveolar cell) carcinoma of the lung. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1953;26;331-406
  6. Laskin JJ. Bronchoalveolar carcinoma: current treatment and future trends. Clin Lung Cancer 2004;6(Suppl 2):S75-9 https://doi.org/10.3816/CLC.2004.s.018
  7. Okada M, Nishio W, Sakamoto T, et al. Correlation between computed tomographic findings, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma component, and biologic behavior of small-sized lung adenocarcinomas. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;127:857-61 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2003.08.048
  8. Watanabe T, Okada A, Imakiire T, Koike T, Hirono T. Intentional limited resection for small peripheral lung cancer based on intraoperative pathologic exploration. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005;53:29-35 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11748-005-1005-7
  9. Roberts PF, Straznicka M, Lara PN, et al. Resection of multifocal non-small cell lung cancer when the bronchioloalveolar subtype is involved. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;126: 1597-602 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(03)01280-7
  10. Regnard JF, Santelmo N, Romdhani N, et al. Bronchioloalveolar lung carcinoma: results of surgical treatment and prognostic factors. Chest 1998;114:45-50 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.114.1.45
  11. Breathnach OS, Kwiatkowski DJ, Finkelstein DM, et al. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung: recurrences and survival in patients with stage I disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001;121:42-7 https://doi.org/10.1067/mtc.2001.110190
  12. Feldman ER, Eagan RT, Schaid DJ. Metastatic bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung: comparison of clinical manifestations, chemotherapeutic responses, and prognosis. Mayo Clin Proc 1992;67:27-32 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-6196(12)60273-0
  13. Ebright MI, Zakowski MF, Martin J, et al. Clinical pattern and pathologic stage but not histologic features predict outcome for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 2002;74:1640-6; discussion 1646-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03897-3