DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Impact Evaluation of Plug-in Electric Vehicle Loading on Distribution Systems in North America

북미 배전계통에서의 플러그인 전기자동차에 대한 계통영향 평가

  • Published : 2009.09.30

Abstract

This paper proposes the process for evaluating the impact of charging the PHEV(Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle) on the distribution systems, and analyzes the study results employing the actual systems as the PHEV is highly expected to increase in the automobile industries in North America in the near future. Since the charging load of the PHEV directly connected to the distribution systems would consume electric power much more than any other existing electric product of residential customers, the new modeling and process would be required to consider the PHEV in distribution systems planning. The EPRI(Electric Power Research Institute) is collaboratively conducting the impact study of PHEV on the distribution systems with power utilities in North America. This study models distribution systems and the charging load of the PHEV using OpenDSS software, and analyzes the impact of PHEV on the distribution systems by assuming various scenarios with different charging time and PHEV types.

본 논문은 최근 북미 지역을 중심으로 상용화에 대한 기대가 높아지고 있는 플러그인 하이브리드 전기자동차가 배터리의 충전을 위해 전기에너지 배전망에 직접 접속될 때 나타날 수 있는 설비의 과부하 및 전압문제 등에 대한 평가방법을 제안하고 실제 계통에 대한 평가결과를 분석한다. 플러그인 하이브리드 전기자동차가 일반 가정에서 충전되기 시작할 경우 전기에너지 배전계통은 가정에서 사용되어 오던 기존의 전기제품보다 훨씬 많은 전력을 소모하는 새로운 부하에 전력을 공급하게 되는 만큼 이를 배전계통의 설비계획에 반영하기 위한 모델링과 절차가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 미국 전력연구소에서 북미지역의 전력회사들과 함께 수행하고 있는 관련 연구 과제를 소개하며 OpenDSS 프로그램을 통해 배전계통과 플러그인 전기자동차의 충전부하를 모델링하고 충전시각과 전기자동차 배터리 형태에 따른 다양한 시나리오를 적용하여 배전계통에 대한 플러그인 전기자동차 충전부하의 영향을 분석한다.

Keywords

References

  1. "Annual Energy Review", Energy Information Administration, June 2008
  2. "Environmental Assessment of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Volume 1: Nationwide Greenhouse Gas Emissions," EPRI TR-1015325, July 2007.
  3. http://www.smartgrid.epri.com/
  4. M. Duvall, "Comparing the Benefits and Impacts of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Options for Compact Sedan and Sport Utility Vehicles," EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, Final Report 1006892, 2002.
  5. M. Duvall, "Electricity as an Alternative Fuel: Rethinking Off-Peak Charging,"EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, Plug-in HEV workshop. 2003.
  6. M. Duvall, "Advanced Batteries for Electric Drive Vehicles. A Technology and Cost-Effectiveness Assessment for Battery Electric Vehicles, Power Assist Hybrid Electric Vehicles, and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles," EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, Final Report. 1009299, 2004.
  7. A. Maitra, Kyung Soo Kook, Angelo Giumento, Jason Taylor, Daniel Brooks, Marcus Alexander, Mark Duvall, Evaluation of PEV Loading Characteristics on Hydro-Quebec's Distribution System Operations, EVS24, Stavanger, Norway, May 13-16, 2009.
  8. J. Taylor, A. Maitra, M. Alexander, D. Brooks, M. Duvall, Evaluation of the impact of PEV Loading on Distribution system operations, IEEE Power Engineering Society, Calgary, July, 2009.
  9. SAE International, http://www.sae.org
  10. Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler, SAE J1772, Recommended Practice, Draft Document in progress 2009.
  11. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ctpp/jtw/contents.htm
  12. OpenDSS Manual and Reference Guide, OpenDSS_6_2_1 [Online]. Available: http://sourceforge.net/projects/electricdss/.
  13. T. E. McDermott, "An Open Source Distribution System Simulator," in Proc. 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Montreal, Quebec CANADA.
  14. M. K. Meyers, K. Schneider, R. Pratt, "Impacts Assessment of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles on Electric Utilities and Regional US Power Grids Part 1: Technical Analysis," Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Nov 2007.