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An Epidemiologic Study on the Seropositive Rate of Hepatitis A Virus in Children of Gwangju and Jeonnam

광주, 전남 지역 소아의 A형 간염 항체 보유율에 대한 연구

  • Jung, Ji (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Chosun University) ;
  • Ahn, Young-Joon (Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Chosun University) ;
  • Moon, Kyung-Rye (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Chosun University)
  • 정지 (조선대학교 의학전문대학원 소아과학교실) ;
  • 안영준 (조선대학교 의학전문대학원 의학교육학교실) ;
  • 문경래 (조선대학교 의학전문대학원 소아과학교실)
  • Received : 2011.02.01
  • Accepted : 2011.03.01
  • Published : 2011.03.30

Abstract

Purpose: Recently, the incidence of acute hepatitis A has increased nationwide and is related to a low rate of IgG anti-HAV production. To establish effective measures for preventing hepatitis A virus infection, an epidemiologic study on the seroprevalence of anti-HAV is needed. Thus, we investigated the seroprevalence of IgG anti-HAV in children living in Gwangju and Jeonnam. Methods: IgG anti-HAV levels were measured in a total of 1,435 patients who visited Chosun University Hospital between January 2009 and December 2009. Results: The overall seropositve rate was 40.8% (586/1,435). The seropositive rates were 41% among children under the age of 1 year, 49.9% for children 1~5 years old, 51.1% among individuals 5~10 years old, 12.9% for individuals 10~15 years old, and 8.2% for subjects over 15 years old. There was no significant difference between genders in any group. The seropositive rates in Gwangju and Jeonnam were 57.3% and 32.9% for children under the age of 1 year, 52.5% and 44.3% for children 1~5 years old, 60.2% and 33.9% among children 5~10 years old, 14.1% and 9.7% for children 10~15 years old, and 10.8% and 4.2% for individuals over 15 years old. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the low rates of IgG anti-HAV, particularly among subjects over 10 years old, which suggests the possibility of increasing clinical HAV infection rates among adults in the near future. We should actively prevent the spread of hepatitis A virus. Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing hepatitis A virus transmission among persons at risk for infection. Hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for children who have low IgG anti-HAV seropositive rates.

목 적: 소아 특히 영유아는 A형 간염에 감염되어도 증상이 대부분 없기 때문에 다른 사람들에게 전파시키는 원인이 된다. 위생상태의 개선으로 A형 간염바이러스에 노출될 기회가 적어지면서 항체가 형성되지 않아 20~30대 젊은 세대에서 A형 간염이 급격히 증가하고 있으며 최근 대유행의 조짐을 보이고 있다. 저자들은 광주. 전남 지역 소아의 A형 간염 항체 보유율을 조사하여 역학적 특성을 이해하고 예방대책 기준을 수립하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 2009년 1월 1일부터 2009년 12월 31일까지 조선대학교병원 소아청소년과에 입원한 18세 이하의 환자 중 수혈이나 면역억제요법을 받은 적이 없는 광주, 전남지역에 거주하는 소아 1,435명(남아 788명, 여아 647명)을 대상으로 IgG anti-HAV 검사하였다. 연령대는 1세 미만, 1세~5세 미만, 5세~10세 미만, 10세~15세 미만, 15세 이상으로 구분하였으며 1세 미만은 개월 수로 세분화하여 비교하였다. 결 과: IgG anti-HAV 양성은 40.8%였으며, 연령에 따른 항체 양성률은 1세 미만은 41% (107/261), 1세~5세미만 49.9% (264/236), 5세~10세 미만 51.1% (180/352), 10세~15세 미만 12.9% (30/232), 15세 이상 8.2% (5/61)로 10세 이상에서 현저하게 감소하였다. 1세 미만을 세분화 하여 조사한 결과 양성률이 1개월 미만은 47.6%였으며 이후 30% 이상의 양성률을 보이다가 7개월경에 감소하기 시작하여 9개월에 14.3%로 감소하였다. 성별에 따른 양성률은 남아 40.6% (320/788), 여아 41.1% (266/647)로 였고 성별 간의 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 거주지에 따른 비교는 광주 42.5% (415/976), 전남 37.3% (171/459)로 광주지역이 높았다. 결 론: 소아에서 IgG anti-HAV 양성률은 40.8%였으나 10세 이상에서 12.9%로 현저히 감소하여 이들이 성인이 되는 경우 현증 A형 간염의 집단 발생 가능성이 높아질 것으로 생각되며 A형 간염에 대한 적극적인 예방접종이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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