Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

  • 제24권1호
  • /
  • Pages.45-55
  • /
  • 2011
  • /
  • 1011-2367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1976-5517(eISSN)
아세아태평양축산학회 (Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Partial Replacement of Concentrates with Barhar (Artocarpus lakocha) Leaves on Growth Performance of Kids Fed a Mixed Jungle Grass-based Diet

  • Das, A. (ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre) ;
  • De, D. (ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre) ;
  • Katole, S. (Indian Veterinary Research Institute)
  • 투고 : 2010.01.20
  • 심사 : 2010.05.11
  • 발행 : 2011.01.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

A feeding trial was conducted to study the replacement value of concentrates with Barhar (Artocarpus lakocha) leaves on growth performance of kids fed a mixed jungle grass-based diet. Fifteen Sikkim local kids, about 4 months of age and body weight ranging from 5.8 to 9.2 kg, were randomly distributed into three groups of five. Kids were stall fed ad lib with mixed jungle grass collected from the nearby forest and native scrubland. The kids in group I received supplementary concentrate (Maize 35%, mustard cake 32%, rice bran 30%, mineral mixture 2% and common salt 1%) at approximately 2% of BW. For groups II and III, 25 and 50% of the concentrate was replaced with Barhar (Artocarpus lakocha) leaves, respectively. Total dry matter intake (DMI) was not significantly different among groups. Digestibility of CP decreased (p<0.05) and that of NDF increased (p<0.01) with increasing level of Barhar leaves in the diet. Digestibility of ADF (p<0.01), hemi cellulose (p<0.05) and cellulose (p<0.01) was higher in groups II and III than in group I. Ruminal pH and TVFA concentration were not significantly different among groups. Rumen ammonia-N concentration decreased (p<0.01) with increased level of Barhar leaves in the diet. Similarly, plasma urea nitrogen and blood glucose levels were reduced (p<0.05) with increasing level of Barhar leaves in the diet. Replacement of concentrate with Barhar resulted in reduced Hb and lower serum iron concentration. Levels of other serum metabolites including minerals were not altered by the replacement. Average daily gain (ADG) was 53.3, 54.4 and 41.8 g/d in groups I, II and III, respectively. ADG was not adversely affected when the level of replacement was restricted to 25%. However, at 50% of replacement ADG was significantly lower than the control (p<0.05). Thus, it was concluded that Barhar leaves might replace 25% of the supplemental concentrate for growing Sikkim local kids fed on a mixed jungle grass-based diet.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. AFRC. 1998. Agricultural and Food Research Council. The Nutrition of Goats. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
  2. Aitchison, E. M., M. Gill and D. F. Osbourn. 1985. The effect of supplementation with maize starch and level of intake of perennial ryegrass hay on the removal of digesta from the rumen of sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 56:463-476.
  3. Anonymous. 1994. Basic statistics of Tripura, directorate of statistics, government of Tripura, Agartala, Tripura, India, p. 19.
  4. AOAC. 1984. Official methods of analysis, 14th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
  5. Bakshi, M. P. S. and M. Wadhwa. 2004. Evaluation of forest tree leaves of semi-hilly arid region as livestock feed. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17:777-783. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.777
  6. Balaraman, N. and H. K. Gupta. 1990. Nutritive value of mixed jungle grass for goats in Sikkim. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 7:63-66.
  7. Barnett, A. J. and R. L. Reid. 1957. Studies on the production of volatile fatty acids from grass by rumen liquor in artificial rumen. 1. The volatile fatty acid production from fresh grass. J. Agric. Sci. 49:171-179. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600036157
  8. Bates, D. B., G. A. Morantes and G. E. Moore. 1988. Nitrogen utilization of lambs fed limpograss supplemented with molasses-urea or legume-protein supplements. Nutr. Rep. Int. 38:487-499.
  9. Bonsi, M. L. K., P. O. Osuji and A. K. Tuan. 1995. Effect of supplementing teff straw with different levels of leucaena or sesbania leaves on the degradability of teff straw, sesbania, leucaena, tagasaste and vernonia and on certain rumen and blood metabolites in Ethiopian Menz sheep. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 52:101-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(94)00702-B
  10. Bonsi, M. L. K., P. O. Osuji, V. I. Nsahlai and A. K. Tuan. 1994. Graded levels of Sesbania sesban and Leucaena leucocephala as supplement to teff straw given to Ethiopian Menz sheep. Anim. Prod. 59:235-244. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100007728
  11. Brown, W. F. and W. D. Pitman. 1991. Concentration and degradation of fibre fraction in selected tropical grasses and legumes. Trop. Grasl. 25:305-311.
  12. Capinera, J. L., A. R. Renaud and N. E. Roehrig. 2005. Chemical basis for host selection by Hernileuca oliviae. J. Chem. Ecol. 9:1425-1437.
  13. Dacie, J. V. and S. M. Lewis. 1968. Practical hematology. J and A Churchill, UK p. 37-39.
  14. Das, A. and G. P. Singh. 1999. Eating behaviour, VFA production passage rate and nutrient digestibilities in cattle fed on wheat straw supplemented with different levels of berseem. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 12:1040-1048. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1999.1040
  15. Das, A. and S. K. Ghosh. 2000. Effect of concentrate supplementation on growth performance of kids grazing in native of Tripura. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 19(1):79-83
  16. Das, A. and D. De. 2001. Nutritive value of Barhar (Artocarpus lakocha) leaves for goats. J. Hill Res. 14:129-130.
  17. Das, A. and S. K. Ghosh. 2001a. Effect of concentrate supplementation on growth performance of grazing kids. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 17:179-183.
  18. Das, A. and S. K. Ghosh. 2001b. Nutritive value of jackfruit tree leaves for goats. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 18:185-186.
  19. Das, A. 2005. Effect of nevaro (Ficus hookerii) leaves supplementation of mixed jungle grass on intake and digestion in Sikkim local goats. Anim. Nutr. Feed Technol. 5:83-89.
  20. Das, A. and S. K. Ghosh. 2007. Effect of partial replacement of concentrates with jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) leaves on growth performance of kids grazing on native pasture of Tripura, India. Small Rumin. Res. 67:36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.09.019
  21. Doumas, B., W. Watson and H. Biggs. 1971. Albumin standards and measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green. Clin. Chem. Acta. 31:87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(71)90365-2
  22. Folin, O. and H. Wu. 1920. A simplified and improved method for the determination of sugar. J. Biol. Chem. 41:367-374.
  23. Gillooly, M., T. H. Bothwell, J. D. Torrance, A. P. MacPahil, D. P. Derman and W. R. Bezwoda. 1983. The effect of organic acids, phytates and polyphenolics on the absorption of iron from vegetables. Br. J. Nutr. 49:331-342. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19830042
  24. Jansman, A. J. M., J. G. M. Houdijk and M. W. A. Verstegen. 1993. Effects of condensed tannins in faba beans on the availability of minerals in pigs. In: Bioavailability'93. Nutritional, Chemical, and Food Processing Implications of Nutrient Availability (Ed. G. Schlemmer). Fed. Eur. Chem. Soc. 2:48-52.
  25. Karim, S. A., A. Santra and V. K. Sharma. 2001. Growth performance of weaner lambs maintained on varying levels of dietary protein and energy in the pre-weaning phase. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14:1394-1399. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2001.1394
  26. Kessler, J. 1991. Mineral nutrition of goats. In: Goat Nutrition (Ed. P. Morand-Fehr). pp. 105-119. Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
  27. Khalili, H. and T. Varvikko. 1992. Effect of replacing concentrate mixture by wilted sesbania forage on diet digestibility, rumen fermentation and milk production in Friesian×Zebu crossbred cows fed low quality native hay. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 36: 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(92)90062-B
  28. Khanal, R. C. and D. B. Subba. 2001. Nutritional evaluation of some major fodder trees cultivated in the hills of Nepal. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 92:17-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00240-1
  29. Kibria, S. S., T. N. Nahar and M. M. Mia. 1994. Tree leaves as alternative feed responses for black Bengal kids under stall fed conditions. Small Rumin. Res. 13:217-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(94)90067-1
  30. Leng, R. A. 1990. Factors affecting the utilization of poor quality forages by ruminants particularly under tropical condition. Nutr. Res. Rev. 3:277-303. https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR19900016
  31. Lowry, O. H., A. Walker, D. Brown and R. J. Randall. 1951. Protein measurement by Folin-Phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 143:265.
  32. McDowell, L. R. 1997. Minerals for grazing ruminants in tropical regions. University of Florida. Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, USA.
  33. Makkar, H. P. S. 2003. Effect and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaption to tannins and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Rumin. Res. 49:249-256.
  34. Mackenzie, D. 1970. Goat husbandry, 3rd edn. Faber & Faber Ltd, London, UK, pp. 141-179
  35. Mould, F. L. and E. R. Orskov. 1983. Manipulation of rumen fluid pH and its influence on cellulolysis, in sacco dry matter degradation and the rumen microflora of sheep offered hay or concentrates. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 10:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(83)90002-0
  36. Mui, L. I., I. T. Nguyen, P. Uden and B. Van Dinh. 2002. The foliage of Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) or Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) as a substitute for a rice bran - soya bean concentrate in the diet of lactating goats. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15:45-54. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.45
  37. Narjisse, N., M. A. Elbousali and J. D. Olser. 1995. Effect of oak tannins (Quercus ilex) on digestion and nitrogen balance in sheep and goat. Small Rumin. Res. 18:201-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(95)00700-0
  38. Orskov, E. R. and I. McDonald. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighed according to rate of passage. J. Agric. Sci. Cambridge 92:499-503 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063048
  39. Priolo, A., G. C. Waghorn, M. Lanza, L. Biondi and P. Pennisi. 2000. Polyethylene glycol as a means for reducing the impact of condensed tannins in carob pulp: effects on lamb growth performance and meat quality. J. Anim. Sci. 78:810-816.
  40. Raghuramulu, N., K. M. Nair and S. Kalyanasundaram. 1983. A manual of laboratory techniques. National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India, pp. 68-69.
  41. Rai, R. N., K. Venugopal, K. A. Singh and R. D. Singh. 1988. Studies on compatibility of grasses under natural forest otutis (Alnus nepalnensis) and chilowane (Schima wallichii). Indian J. Hill Farming 1A(1):71-72.
  42. Rahamtullah, M. and J. R. C. Boyde. 1980. An improvement in determination of urea using diacetyl monoxyme method with or without deproteinization. Clin. Chem. Acta. 107:3-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(80)90407-6
  43. Richards, D. E., W. F. Brown, G. Ruegsegger and D. B. Bates. 1994a. Replacement values of tree legumes for concentrates 1. Replacement values of Gliricidia sepium leaves for growing goats. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 46:37-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(94)90063-9
  44. Richards, D. E., W. F. Brown, G. Ruegsegger and D. B. Bates. 1994b. Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage based diets II. Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 46:55-65.
  45. Sharma, K., A. L. Saini, N. Singh and J. L. Ogra. 1998. Seasonal variation in grazing behaviour and forage nutrient utilization by goats on a semi arid reconstituted silvipasture. Small Rumin. Res. 27:47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(97)00024-2
  46. Shinde, A. K., S. A. Karim, S. K. Sankhyan and R. Bhatta. 1998. Seasonal changes in biomass growth and quality and its utilization by sheep on semiarid Cenchrus ciliaris pasture of India. Small Rumin. Res. 30:29-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(98)00087-X
  47. Silanikove, N., N. Gilboa and Z. Perevolotsky. 1996. Goat fed tannin containing leaves do not exhibit toxic syndrome. Small Rumin. Res. 21:195-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(95)00833-0
  48. Silva, A. T. and E. R. Orskov. 1988. The effect of fibre different supplement on the degradation of straw in sheep given untreated barley straw. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 19:289-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(88)90091-0
  49. Singh, K. A., B. P. S. Yadav and S. N. Goswami. 1996. Forage resource management for sustained livestock productivity in Himalayan agro-ecosystem. Research Bulletin No. 39, ICAR, Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani, 793 103, Meghalaya, India. pp. 42-60.
  50. Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Cochran. 1967. Statistical methods, 6th edn. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., Calcutta, India. pp. 299-320.
  51. Talapatra, S. K., S. N. Ray and K. C. Sen. 1940. The analysis of mineral constituents in biological material. Part I. Estimation of phosphorus, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in foot stuffs. Indian J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husbandry 10:243-246.
  52. Van-Houlert, M. F. J. 1983. The production and metabolism of volatile fatty acids by ruminants fed roughages - a review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 43:189-225.
  53. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Method of dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3582-3597.
  54. Vaquero, M. P., M. Veldhuizen, W. van Dokkum, C. J. A. van den Hamer and G. Schaafsma. 1994. Copper availability from breakfasts containing tea. Influence of the addition of milk. J. Sci. Food Agric. 64:475-481. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740640413
  55. Vitti, D. M., E. Kebreab, J. B. Lopes, A. L. Abdalla, F. F. De Carvalho, K. T. De Resende, L. A. Crompton and J. France. 2000. A kinetic model of phosphorus metabolism in growing goats. J. Anim. Sci. 78:2706-2712.

피인용 문헌

  1. foliage pp.13443941, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12814
  2. Fodder value of three browse forage species for growing goats vol.17, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2016.01.001