Anti-inflammatory Effects of Saussurea Lappa Extracts in Murine Macrophages

설치류 대식세포에서 목향(木香) 추출물의 항염증 효과

  • Lee, Min-Suk (Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Ryu, Do-Gon (Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Kwon, Kang-Beom (Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University)
  • 이민석 (원광대학교 한의과대학 한방생리학교실) ;
  • 류도곤 (원광대학교 한의과대학 한방생리학교실) ;
  • 권강범 (원광대학교 한의과대학 한방생리학교실)
  • Received : 2011.03.04
  • Accepted : 2011.03.14
  • Published : 2011.04.25

Abstract

In order to validate the use of Saussurea Lappa as an anti-inflammatory drug in the traditional Korean medicine, I have investigated the effects of water-soluble extract of Saussurea Lappa (ESL) on the production of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The extract inhibited dose-dependently TNF-${\alpha}$ production without its cytotoxic effect on the macrophages, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and significantly decreased mRNA levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, as determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The extract also inhibited LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$, thereby resulting in TNF-${\alpha}$ gene expression. These results suggest that ESL may have therapeutic potential in the control of inflammatory diseases mediated by activated macrophages.

Keywords

References

  1. 신민교. 임상본초학. 서울, 남산당, pp 469-470, 1997.
  2. Ko, S.G., Koh, S.H., Jun, C.Y., Nam, C.G., Bae, H.S., Shin, M.K. Induction of apoptosis by Saussurea lappa and Pharbitis nil on AGS gastric cancer cells. Biol Pharm Bull 27(10):1604-1610, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.27.1604
  3. Oh, G.S., Pae, H.O., Chung, H.T., Kwon, J.W., Lee, J.H., Kwon, T.O., Kwon, S.Y., Chon, B.H., Yun, Y.G. Dehydrocostus lactone enhances tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis of human leukemia HL-60 cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 26(2):163-175, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1081/IPH-120037712
  4. Cho, J.Y., Kim, A.R., Jung, J.H., Chun, T., Rhee, M.H., Yoo, E.S. Cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activities of cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone, on the viability of leukocyte cancer cell lines. Eur J Pharmacol 492(2-3):85-94, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.03.027
  5. Damre, A.A., Damre, A.S., Saraf, M.N. Evaluation of sesquiterpene lactone fraction of Saussurea lappa on transudative, exudative and proliferative phases of inflammation. Phytother Res 17(7):722-725, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1152
  6. Jiang, T.F., Li, Y., Shi, Y.P. Determination of six major flavonoid glycosides in Saussurea mongolica by capillary electrophoresis. Planta Med 70(3):284-287, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-818927
  7. Kang, J.S., Yoon, Y.D., Lee, K.H., Park, S.K., Kim, H.M. Costunolide inhibits interleukin-1beta expression by down-regulation of AP-1 and MAPK activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 313(1):171-177, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.109
  8. Sun, C.M., Syu, W.J., Don, M.J., Lu, J.J., Lee, G.H. Cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from the root of Saussurea lappa. J Nat Prod 66(9):1175-1180, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1021/np030147e
  9. Zhang, X., Yu, M., Chen, J. Simultaneous determination of seven compounds in snow lotus herb using high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 41(5):241-244, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/41.5.241
  10. Zhao, D., Huang, Y., Jin, Z., Qu, W., Lu, D. Effect of aggregate size in cell cultures of Saussurea medusa on cell growth and jaceosidin production. Plant Cell Rep 21(11):1129-1133, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-003-0631-8
  11. Joshi, M., Dhar, U. In vitro propagation of Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Edgew.-an endangered ethnoreligious medicinal herb of Himalaya. Plant Cell Rep 21(10):933-939, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-003-0601-1
  12. Yang, Z.D., Gao, K., Jia, Z.J. Eudesmane derivatives and other constituents from Saussurea parviflora. Phytochemistry 62(8):1195-1199, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00758-6
  13. Yu, M.Q., Chen, J.M. Determination of syringin and rutin in 11 species of Saussurea by high performance liquid chromatography. Se Pu 19(3):243-244, 2001.
  14. Matsuda, H., Toguchida, I., Ninomiya, K., Kageura, T., Morikawa, T., Yoshikawa, M. Effects of sesquiterpenes and amino acid-sesquiterpene conjugates from the roots of Saussurea lappa on inducible nitric oxide synthase and heat shock protein in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Bioorg Med Chem 11(5):709-715, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(02)00471-6
  15. Fan, C.Q., Yue, J.M. Biologically active phenols from Saussurea medusa. Bioorg Med Chem 11(5):703-708, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(02)00470-4
  16. Li, J.S., Zhu, Z.Y., Cai, S.Q. A survey on botanical origins of drug Xue Lianhua produced in China. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 25(8):461-465, 2000.
  17. Smyth, G.P., Stapleton, P.P., Freeman, T.A., Concannon, E.M., Mestre, J.R., Duff, M., Maddali, S., Daly, J.M. Glucocorticoid pretreatment induces cytokine overexpression and nuclear factor-kappaB activation in macrophages. J Surg Res 116(2):253-261, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4804(03)00300-7
  18. Higuchi, T., Watanabe, Y., Waga, I. Protein disulfide isomerase suppresses the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 318(1):46-52, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.04.002
  19. Kellum, J.A., Song, M., Li, J. Lactic and hydrochloric acids induce different patterns of inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 286(4):R686-692, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00564.2003
  20. Song, M., Kellum, J.A., Kaldas, H., Fink, M.P. Evidence that glutathione depletion is a mechanism responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl pyruvate in cultured lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 308(1):307-316, 2004.
  21. An, S.J., Pae, H.O., Oh, G.S., Choi, B.M., Jeong, S., Jang, S.I., Oh, H., Kwon, T.O., Song, C.E., Chung, H.T. Inhibition of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 productions and NF-kappa B activation in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by catalposide, an iridoid glycoside isolated from Catalpa ovata G. Don (Bignoniaceae). Int Immunopharmacol 2(8):1173-1181, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(02)00085-1