Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Weight Loss Correlates with Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 Expression and Might Influence Outcome in Patients with Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  • Lu, Zhi-Hao (Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital& Institute) ;
  • Yang, Li (Department of Oncology, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital, Fujian Province) ;
  • Yu, Jing-Wei (Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital& Institute) ;
  • Lu, Ming (Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital& Institute) ;
  • Li, Jian (Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital& Institute) ;
  • Zhou, Jun (Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital& Institute) ;
  • Wang, Xi-Cheng (Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital& Institute) ;
  • Gong, Ji-Fang (Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital& Institute) ;
  • Gao, Jing (Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital& Institute) ;
  • Zhang, Xiao-Tian (Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital& Institute) ;
  • Li, Jie (Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital& Institute) ;
  • Li, Yan (Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital& Institute) ;
  • Shen, Lin (Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital& Institute)
  • Published : 2014.08.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Weight loss during chemotherapy has not been exclusively investigated. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) might play a role in its etiology. Here, we investigated the prognostic value of weight loss before chemotherapy and its relationship with MIC-1 concentration and its occurrence during chemotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and Methods: We analyzed 157 inoperable locally advanced or metastatic ESCC patients receiving first-line chemotherapy. Serum MIC-1 concentrations were assessed before chemotherapy. Patients were assigned into two groups according to their weight loss before or during chemotherapy:>5% weight loss group and ${\leq}5%$ weight loss group. Results: Patients with weight loss>5% before chemotherapy had shorter progression-free survival period (5.8 months vs. 8.7 months; p=0.027) and overall survival (10.8 months vs. 20.0 months; p=0.010). Patients with weight loss >5% during chemotherapy tended to have shorter progression-free survival (6.0 months vs. 8.1 months; p=0.062) and overall survival (8.6 months vs. 18.0 months; p=0.022), and if weight loss was reversed during chemotherapy, survival rates improved. Furthermore, serum MIC-1 concentration was closely related to weight loss before chemotherapy (p=0.001) Conclusions: Weight loss both before and during chemotherapy predicted poor outcome in advanced ESCC patients, and MIC-1 might be involved in the development of weight loss in such patients.

Keywords

References

  1. Andreyev HJ, Norman AR, Oates J, et al (1998). Why do patients with weight loss have a worse outcome when undergoing chemotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancies? Eur J Cancer, 34, 503-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8049(97)10090-9
  2. Argiles JM, Busquets S, Lopez-Soriano FJ, et al (2012). Are there any benefits of exercise training in cancer cachexia? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 3, 73-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13539-012-0067-5
  3. Baldwin C, Spiro A, Ahern R, et al (2012). Oral nutritional interventions in malnourished patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst, 104, 371-85. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djr556
  4. Bauskin AR, Brown DA, Kuffner T, et al (2006). Role of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in tumorigenesis and diagnosis of cancer. Cancer Res, 66, 4983-6. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-4067
  5. Bootcov MR, Bauskin AR, Valenzuela SM, et al (1997). MIC-1, a novel macrophage inhibitory cytokine, is a divergent member of the TGF-beta superfamily. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 94, 11514-9. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.21.11514
  6. Bosaeus I, Daneryd P, Lundholm K (2002). Dietary intake, resting energy expenditure, weight loss and survival in cancer patients. J Nutr, 132, 3465-6.
  7. Breit SN, Johnen H, Cook AD, et al (2011). The TGF-beta superfamily cytokine, MIC-1/GDF15:a pleotrophic cytokine with roles in inflammation, cancer and metabolism. Growth Factors, 29, 187-95. https://doi.org/10.3109/08977194.2011.607137
  8. Brown DA, Bauskin AR, Fairlie WD, et al (2002a). Antibodybased approach to high-volume genotyping for MIC-1 polymorphism. Biotechniques, 33, 118-20, 122, 124 passim.
  9. Brown DA, Breit SN, Buring J, et al (2002b). Concentration in plasma of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 and risk of cardiovascular events in women: a nested case-control study. Lancet, 359, 2159-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09093-1
  10. Brown DA, Ward RL, Buckhaults P, et al (2003). MIC-1 serum level and genotype: associations with progress and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res, 9, 2642-50.
  11. Buskermolen S, Langius JA, Kruizenga HM, et al (2012). Weight loss of 5% or more predicts loss of fat-free mass during palliative chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer: a pilot study. Nutr Cancer, 64, 826-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2012.690062
  12. Cuvelier GD, Baker TJ, Peddie EF, et al (2014). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of megestrol acetate as an appetite stimulant in children with weight loss due to cancer and/or cancer therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 61, 672-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.24828
  13. Dalton JT, Taylor RP, Mohler ML, et al (2013). Selective androgen receptor modulators for the prevention and treatment of muscle wasting associated with cancer. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care, 7, 345-51. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPC.0000000000000015
  14. Fearon K, Arends J, Baracos V (2013). Understanding the mechanisms and treatment options in cancer cachexia. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 10, 90-9.
  15. Fox KM, Brooks JM, Gandra SR, et al (2009). estimation of cachexia among cancer patients based on four definitions. J Oncol, 2009, 693458.
  16. Gordon JN, Trebble TM, Ellis RD, et al (2005). Thalidomide in the treatment of cancer cachexia: a randomised placebo controlled trial. Gut, 54, 540-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2004.047563
  17. Hess LM, Barakat R, Tian C, et al (2007). Weight change during chemotherapy as a potential prognostic factor for stage III epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol, 107, 260-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.06.010
  18. Jiang N, Zhao JZ, Chen XC, et al (2014). Clinical determinants of weight loss in patients with esophageal carcinoma during radiotherapy: a prospective longitudinal view. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 1943-8. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.5.1943
  19. Johnen H, Lin S, Kuffner T, et al (2007). Tumor-induced anorexia and weight loss are mediated by the TGF-beta superfamily cytokine MIC-1. Nat Med, 13, 1333-40. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1677
  20. Jones P (1992). A Positive Approach to Nutrition as Treatment. London, Kings Fund Centre.
  21. Kamangar F, Dores GM, Anderson WF (2006). Patterns of cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence across five continents: defining priorities to reduce cancer disparities in different geographic regions of the world. J Clin Oncol, 24, 2137-50. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.05.2308
  22. Koretz RL (2007). Should patients with cancer be offered nutritional support: does the benefit outweigh the burden? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 19, 379-82. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e3280bdc093
  23. Lu ZH, Yang L, Yu JW, et al (2014). Change of body weight and macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 during chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: what is their clinical significance? Plos One, 9, 88553. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088553
  24. Lundholm K, Daneryd P, Bosaeus I, et al (2004). Palliative nutritional intervention in addition to cyclooxygenase and erythropoietin treatment for patients with malignant disease: Effects on survival, metabolism, and function. Cancer, 100, 1967-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.20160
  25. Macia L, Tsai VW, Nguyen AD, et al (2012). Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1/GDF15) decreases food intake, body weight and improves glucose tolerance in mice on normal & obesogenic diets. PLoS One, 7, 34868. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034868
  26. Mocellin MC, Pastore ESJA, Camargo CQ, et al (2013). Fish oil decreases C-reactive protein/albumin ratio improving nutritional prognosis and plasma fatty acid profile in colorectal cancer patients. Lipids, 48, 879-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-013-3816-0
  27. Moore AG, Brown DA, Fairlie WD, et al (2000). The transforming growth factor-$\beta$ superfamily cytokine macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 is present in high concentrations in the serum of pregnant women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 4781-8.
  28. Oldervoll LM, Loge JH, Lydersen S, et al (2011). Physical exercise for cancer patients with advanced disease: a randomized controlled trial. Oncologist, 16, 1649-57. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0133
  29. Pedersen H, Hansen HS, Cederqvist C, et al (1982). The prognostic significance of weight loss and its integration in stage-grouping of oesophageal cancer. Acta Chir Scand, 148, 363-6.
  30. Riccardi D, Allen K (1999). Nutritional management of patients with esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer. Cancer Control, 6, 64-72.
  31. Ross PJ, Ashley S, Norton A, et al (2004). Do patients with weight loss have a worse outcome when undergoing chemotherapy for lung cancers? Br J Cancer, 90, 1905-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601781
  32. Schmitz G, Ecker J (2008). The opposing effects of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. Prog Lipid Res, 47, 147-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2007.12.004
  33. Skipworth RJ, Deans DA, Tan BH, et al (2010). Plasma MIC- 1 correlates with systemic inflammation but is not an independent determinant of nutritional status or survival in oesophago-gastric cancer. Br J Cancer, 102, 665-72. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605532
  34. Teunissen SC, Wesker W, Kruitwagen C, et al (2007). Symptom prevalence in patients with incurable cancer: a systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage, 34, 94-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.10.015
  35. Tisdale MJ (2002). Cachexia in cancer patients. Nat Rev Cancer, 2, 862-71. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc927
  36. Tsai VW, Macia L, Johnen H, et al (2013). TGF-b superfamily cytokine MIC-1/GDF15 is a physiological appetite and body weight regulator. PLoS One, 8, 55174. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055174
  37. Van Cutsem E, Arends J (2005). The causes and consequences of cancer-associated malnutrition. Eur J Oncol Nurs, 9 Suppl 2, 51-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2005.09.007
  38. Welsh JB, Sapinoso LM, Kern SG, et al (2003). Large-scale delineation of secreted protein biomarkers overexpressed in cancer tissue and serum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 100, 3410-5. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0530278100
  39. Wiklund FE, Bennet AM, Magnusson PK, (2010). Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15): a new marker of all-cause mortality. Aging Cell, 9, 1057-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00629.x

Cited by

  1. Anorexia–cachexia and obesity treatment may be two sides of the same coin: role of the TGF-b superfamily cytokine MIC-1/GDF15 vol.40, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.242
  2. Longitudinal assessment of nutritional risk in patients under chemo or radiotherapy vol.62, pp.7, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.62.07.659
  3. Targeting the divergent TGFβ superfamily cytokine MIC-1/GDF15 for therapy of anorexia/cachexia syndromes pp.1751-4258, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1097/SPC.0000000000000384