Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science

korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science (물리치료재활과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Ultrasound imaging for age-related differences of lower extremity muscle architecture

  • Kim, Min Kyu (Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Ko, Young Jun (Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Lee, Hwang Jae (Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Ha, Hyun Geun (Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Lee, Wan Hee (Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Sahmyook University)
  • Received : 2015.05.06
  • Accepted : 2015.05.29
  • Published : 2015.06.26
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: To investigate and compare the size of the rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial gastrocnemius (GMM) using ultrasound (US) imaging in young, elderly, and very elderly groups. Design: Cross sectional study. Methods: This study consisted of 25 young (age 20 years), 24 elderly (age 65-74 years), and 25 very elderly (age 75-90 years) people with no physical dysfunctions. The cross sectional area (CSAs) of the RF and muscle thickness of the TA and GMM were measured at rest and during contraction using an US system. Results: The CSA of the RF and thickness of the TA and GMM were significantly smaller in the elderly and very elderly groups than in the young group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference of the CSA of the RF at rest and during contraction between elderly and very elderly group (p<0.05). In the comparison of the TA and GMM thickness between elderly and very elderly groups, there were no significant differences except for the TA thickness during contraction. There was a significant difference in the percentage change in RF CSA among the three groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results revealed loss of muscle mass in the RF, TA, and GMM in elderly and very elderly people (${\geq}65$ years old). In particular, the greatest age-related decline in muscle mass was observed for the RF. Furthermore, the CSA of the RF declined with aging in the very elderly groups (${\geq}75$ years old).

Keywords

References

  1. Rantanen T. Muscle strength, disability and mortality. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2003;13:3-8. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2003.00298.x
  2. Sowers MR, Crutchfield M, Richards K, Wilkin MK, Furniss A, Jannausch M, et al. Sarcopenia is related to physical functioning and leg strength in middle-aged women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005;60:486-90. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/60.4.486
  3. Hortobagyi T, Mizelle C, Beam S, DeVita P. Old adults perform activities of daily living near their maximal capabilities. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2003;58:M453-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/58.5.M453
  4. Nakamoto H, Yoshitake Y, Takai Y, Kanehisa H, Kitamura T, Kawanishi M, et al. Knee extensor strength is associated with Mini-Mental State Examination scores in elderly men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012;112:1945-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2176-9
  5. Senda M. Musculoskeletal rehabilitation and bone. Locomotion system disorder with aging and rehabilitation. Clin Calcium 2010;20:560-5.
  6. Apor P, Babai L. Physical activity diminishes aging-related decline of physical and cognitive performance. Orv Hetil 2014;155:817-21. https://doi.org/10.1556/OH.2014.29838
  7. Freilich RJ, Kirsner RL, Byrne E. Isometric strength and thickness relationships in human quadriceps muscle. Neuromuscul Disord 1995;5:415-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8966(94)00078-N
  8. Jung JH, Ko SE, Lee SW. Immediate effects of single-leg stance exercise on dynamic balance, weight bearing and gait cycle in stroke patients. Phys Ther Rehabil Sci 2014;3:49-54. https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2014.3.1.49
  9. Asakawa Y, Jung JH, Koh SE. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves strength, pain and weight distribution on patients with knee instability post surgery. Phys Ther Rehabil Sci 2014;3:112-8. https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2014.3.2.112
  10. Okada M. An electromyographic estimation of the relative muscular load in different human postures. J Hum Ergol (Tokyo) 1973;1:75-93.
  11. Doherty TJ. Invited review: aging and sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol(1985) 2003;95:1717-27. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00347.2003
  12. Lexell J. Human aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1995;50:11-6.
  13. Whittaker JL. Ultrasound imaging of the lateral abdominal wall muscles in individuals with lumbopelvic pain and signs of concurrent hypocapnia. Man Ther 2008;13:404-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2007.03.008
  14. Abe T, Kawakami Y, Bemben MG, Fukunaga T. Comparison of age-related, site-specific muscle loss between young and old active and inactive Japanese women. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2011;34:168-73. https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0b013e31821c9294
  15. Ikezoe T, Asakawa Y, Fukumoto Y, Tsukagoshi R, Ichihashi N. Associations of muscle stiffness and thickness with muscle strength and muscle power in elderly women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012;12:86-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2011.00735.x
  16. Takai Y, Ohta M, Akagi R, Kato E, Wakahara T, Kawakami Y, et al. Validity of ultrasound muscle thickness measurements for predicting leg skeletal muscle mass in healthy Japanese middle-aged and older individuals. J Physiol Anthropol 2013;32:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1880-6805-32-12
  17. e Lima KM, da Matta TT, de Oliveira LF. Reliability of the rectus femoris muscle cross-sectional area measurements by ultrasonography. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2012;32:221-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097X.2011.01115.x
  18. Agnihotri AK, Kachhwaha S, Jowaheer V, Singh AP. Estimating stature from percutaneous length of tibia and ulna in Indo-Mauritian population. Forensic Sci Int 2009;187:109.e1-3.
  19. English C, Fisher L, Thoirs K. Reliability of real-time ultrasound for measuring skeletal muscle size in human limbs in vivo: a systematic review. Clin Rehabil 2012;26:934-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215511434994
  20. Seymour JM, Ward K, Sidhu PS, Puthucheary Z, Steier J, Jolley CJ, et al. Ultrasound measurement of rectus femoris cross-sectional area and the relationship with quadriceps strength in COPD. Thorax 2009;64:418-23. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2008.103986
  21. Thomaes T, Thomis M, Onkelinx S, Coudyzer W, Cornelissen V, Vanhees L. Reliability and validity of the ultrasound technique to measure the rectus femoris muscle diameter in older CADpatients. BMC Med Imaging 2012;12:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-12-7
  22. de Bruin PF, Ueki J, Watson A, Pride NB. Size and strength of the respiratory and quadriceps muscles in patients with chronic asthma. Eur Respir J 1997;10:59-64. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.97.10010059
  23. Blazevich AJ, Gill ND, Zhou S. Intra- and intermuscular variation in human quadriceps femoris architecture assessed in vivo. J Anat 2006;209:289-310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00619.x
  24. McCreesh K, Egan S. Ultrasound measurement of the size of the anterior tibial muscle group: the effect of exercise and leg dominance. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol 2011;3:18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-2555-3-18
  25. Cho KH, Lee HJ, Lee WH. Reliability of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging for the medial gastrocnemius muscle in poststroke patients. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2014;34:26-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12060
  26. Lee WS, Cheung WH, Qin L, Tang N, Leung KS. Age-associated decrease of type IIA/B human skeletal muscle fibers. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006;450:231-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000218757.97063.21
  27. Faulkner JA, Larkin LM, Claflin DR, Brooks SV. Age-related changes in the structure and function of skeletal muscles. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007;34:1091-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04752.x
  28. Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Wang ZM, Ross R. Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18-88 yr. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2000;89:81-8. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.81
  29. Strasser EM, Draskovits T, Praschak M, Quittan M, Graf A. Association between ultrasound measurements of muscle thickness, pennation angle, echogenicity and skeletal muscle strength in the elderly. Age (Dordr) 2013;35:2377-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-013-9517-z
  30. Fujiwara K, Asai H, Toyama H, Kunita K, Yaguchi C, Kiyota N, et al. Changes in muscle thickness of gastrocnemius and soleus associated with age and sex. Aging Clin Exp Res 2010;22:24-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324811
  31. Teyhen DS, Williamson JN, Carlson NH, Suttles ST, O'Laughlin SJ, Whittaker JL, et al. Ultrasound characteristics of the deep abdominal muscles during the active straight leg raise test. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009;90:761-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2008.11.011
  32. Sions JM, Tyrell CM, Knarr BA, Jancosko A, Binder-Macleod SA. Age- and stroke-related skeletal muscle changes: a review for the geriatric clinician. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2012;35:155-61. https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0b013e318236db92
  33. Mau-Moeller A, Behrens M, Lindner T, Bader R, Bruhn S. Age-related changes in neuromuscular function of the quadriceps muscle in physically active adults. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2013;23:640-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.01.009
  34. Tang JE, Hartman JW, Phillips SM. Increased muscle oxidative potential following resistance training induced fibre hypertrophy in young men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2006;31:495-501. https://doi.org/10.1139/h06-026
  35. Greiwe JS, Cheng B, Rubin DC, Yarasheski KE, Semenkovich CF. Resistance exercise decreases skeletal muscle tumor necrosis factor alpha in frail elderly humans. FASEB J 2001;15:475-82. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.00-0274com
  36. Petersen AM, Pedersen BK. The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005;98:1154-62. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00164.2004
  37. Ko YJ, Ha HG, Jeong J, Lee WH. Variations in lateral abdominal muscle thickness during abdominal drawing-in maneuver in three positions in a young healthy population. Phys Ther Rehabil Sci 2014;3:101-6. https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2014.3.2.101

Cited by

  1. Physical therapist perception survey for muscle re-education through visual feedback obtained from rehabilitative ultrasound imaging vol.5, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2016.5.1.47
  2. Reliability and validity of a personal computer based muscle viewer for measuring upper trapezius and transverses abdominis muscle thickness vol.5, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2016.5.3.155
  3. Changes of abdominal muscle thickness during stable and unstable surface bridging exercise in young people vol.5, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2016.5.4.210
  4. Ultrasound Characteristics of Foot and Ankle Structures in Healthy, Coper, and Chronically Unstable Ankles pp.02784297, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.14770
  5. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of muscle thickness measurement of the tibialis anterior using different inward pressures vol.8, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2019.8.4.218