Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The effect of the vertical excitation on horizontal response of structures

  • Received : 2014.02.08
  • Accepted : 2015.04.27
  • Published : 2015.09.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

It is usual in design and assessment of structures to isolate the effects of vertical and horizontal excitations by ignoring their coupling effects. In this situation, total structural response is obtained by employing the well-known combination rules whereby independent assumed response components of earthquakes are combined. In fact, the effects of the simultaneity of the ground motion components are ignored. In this paper, the effect of vertical excitation on horizontal response of structures, the coupling of vertical and horizontal responses, has been evaluated. A computer program is prepared to perform nonlinear dynamic analysis based on the derived governing equations of coupled motions. In the case of simultaneous excitation the results show significant increases in spectral displacement in some periods of vibration in comparison to only horizontally excited systems. Moreover, whenever ratio of the vertical peak ground acceleration to horizontal one become larger, the significant increase in horizontal spectral displacements are observed.

Keywords

References

  1. Ambraseys, N.N. and Dougla, J.S. (2003), "Near-field horizontal and vertical earthquake ground motions", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 23(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00153-7
  2. Aschheim, M. and Montes, E.H. (2003), "The representation of P-$\Delta$ effects using yield point spectra", Eng. Struct., 25(11), 1387-1396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(03)00106-8
  3. Beresnev, I.A., Nigthengale, A.M. and Silva, W.J. (2002), "Properties of vertical ground motions", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 92(8), 3152-3164. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020009
  4. Bernal, D. (1998), "Instability of buildings during seismic response", J. Eng. Struct., 20(4-6), 496-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00037-0
  5. Bozorgnia, Y. and Niazi, M. (1993), "Distance scaling of vertical and horizontal response spectra of the Loma Prieta Earthquake", Earthq. Eng. Struct Dyn., 22(8), 695-707. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290220805
  6. Bozorgnia, Y. Campbell, K.W. and Niazi, M. (1999), "Vertical ground motion: Characteristics, relationship with horizontal component and building code implications", SMIP99 Seminar on Utilization of Strong-Motion Data, 23-50.
  7. Bozorgnia, Y. and Campbell, K.W. (2004), "The vertical to horizontal response spectral ratio and tentative procedure for developing simplified V/R and vertical design spectra", J. Earthq. Eng., 8(2), 175-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460409350486
  8. Chopra, A.K. (2002), Dynamic of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering. Prentice Hall of India, 2nd edition.
  9. Ichihashi, I., Morinaka, I., Minami, Y., Koyanagi, Y., Takeuchi, Y. and Hirama, T. (1993), "Non-simultaneity and combination of horizental and vertical earthq response of PWR type nuclear reactor building", 12th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Germany.
  10. Kalkan, E. and Gulkan, P. (2004), "Empirical attenuation equations for vertical ground motion in Turkey", Earthq. Spectra. 2(3), 853-882.
  11. Kalkan, E. and Graizer, V. (2007), "Multi-component ground motion response spectra for coupled horizontal. vertical. angular accelerations. and tilt", ISET J. Earthq. Technol., 44(1), 259-284.
  12. Kalkan, E. and Graizer, V. (2008), "Response of pendulums to complex input ground motion", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 28(8), 621-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.09.003
  13. Kim. S.J., Holub. C.J. and Elnashai. A.S. (2011). "Analytical assessment of the effect of vertical earthquake motion on RC bridge piers". J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 137(2), 252-260. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000306
  14. Kusunoki. K., Nakano. Y. and Okada, T. (1995), "The effect of vertical excitation on structural response seismic characteristics", Report on the January 17, 1995, Kobe Earthquake, Japan.
  15. Lopez, O.A., Chopra, A.K. and Hernandez, J.J. (2001), "Evaluation of combination rules for maximum response calculation in multicomponent seismic analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 30(9), 1379-1398. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.68
  16. MacRae, G. (1994), "P-$\Delta$ effects on SDOF structures in earthquakes", Earthq. Spectra, 10(3), 536-538.
  17. Newmark, N.M., Blume, J.A. and Kapur, K.K. (1973), "Seismic design spectra for nuclear power plants", J. Power Div., ASCE, 99(2), 287-303.
  18. Papazoglou, A.J. and Elnashai, A.S. (1996), "Analytical and field evidence of the damaging effect of vertical earthquake ground motion", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 25(10), 1109-1137. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199610)25:10<1109::AID-EQE604>3.0.CO;2-0
  19. Salazar, A. and Haldar, A. (2000), "Structural responses considering the vertical component of earthquakes", Comput. Struct., 74(2),131-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(99)00031-0
  20. Silva, W. (1993), "Characteristics of vertical strong ground motion for applications to engineering design", Proceedings of the FHWA/NCEER workshop on the representation of seismic ground motion for new and existing highway facilities.
  21. Warn, G.P. and Whittaker, A.S. (2008), "Vertical earthquake loads on seismic isolation systems in bridges", J. Struct. Eng., 134(11), 1696-1704. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:11(1696)
  22. Xinle, L., Huijuan, D. and Xi, Z. (2007), "Engineering characteristics of near fault vertical ground motion and their effect on the seismic response of bridges", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 6(4), 345-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-007-0723-5
  23. Yang, J. and Lee, C.M. (2007), "Characteristics of vertical and horizontal ground motions recorded during the Niigata-Ken Chuetsu, Japan Earthquake of 23 October 2004", Eng. Geol., 94(1), 50-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2007.06.003

Cited by

  1. The effects of vertical earthquake motion on an R/C structure vol.59, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.59.4.719
  2. Three-Dimensional Base Isolation Using Vertical Negative Stiffness Devices pp.1559-808X, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2018.1493004
  3. Seismic performance of R/C structures under vertical ground motion vol.20, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2017.20.4.369