Toxicological Research

Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society (한국독성학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Total Diet Studies as a Tool for Ensuring Food Safety

  • Lee, Joon-Goo (Food Contaminants Division, Department of Food Safety Evaluation, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Kim, Sheen-Hee (Food Contaminants Division, Department of Food Safety Evaluation, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Kim, Hae-Jung (Food Contaminants Division, Department of Food Safety Evaluation, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Yoon, Hae-Jung (Food Contaminants Division, Department of Food Safety Evaluation, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
  • Received : 2015.08.22
  • Accepted : 2015.09.21
  • Published : 2015.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

With the diversification and internationalization of the food industry and the increased focus on health from a majority of consumers, food safety policies are being implemented based on scientific evidence. Risk analysis represents the most useful scientific approach for making food safety decisions. Total diet study (TDS) is often used as a risk assessment tool to evaluate exposure to hazardous elements. Many countries perform TDSs to screen for chemicals in foods and analyze exposure trends to hazardous elements. TDSs differ from traditional food monitoring in two major aspects: chemicals are analyzed in food in the form in which it will be consumed and it is cost-effective in analyzing composite samples after processing multiple ingredients together. In Korea, TDSs have been conducted to estimate dietary intakes of heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, persistent organic pollutants, and processing contaminants. TDSs need to be carried out periodically to ensure food safety.

Keywords

References

  1. Pei, X., Tandon, A., Alldrick, A., Giorgi, L., Huang, W. and Yang, R. (2011) The China melamine milk scandal and its implications for food safety regulation. Food Policy, 36, 412-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2011.03.008
  2. Lee, S.O., Kim, S.J. and Wainwright, J. (2010) Mad cow militancy: neoliberal hegemony and social resistance in South Korea. Political Geogr., 29, 359-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2010.07.005
  3. Hooker, N.H. (1999) Food safety regulation and trade in food products. Food Policy, 24, 653-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9192(99)00069-X
  4. World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2006) Food safety risk analysis: a guide for national food safety authorities. FAO Food Nutr. Pap., 87, 1-10.
  5. Conacher, H.B.S., Graham, R.A. and Graham, N.G.F. (1989) The health protection branch total diet program: an overview. Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J., 22, 322-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0315-5463(89)70413-2
  6. International programme on chemical safety (IPCS). (2009) Principles and methods for the risk assessment of chemicals in food/dietary exposure assessment of chemicals in food. World Health Organization (WHO) Press, Geneva, pp. 10-14.
  7. Boorman, J.L., Baines, J., Hambrdge, T.L. and Abbey, J.L. (2013) Total Diet Study-What They Are and Why They Are important/Total Diet Study. Springer, New York, pp. 179-190.
  8. Moy, G.G. (2013) Total Diet Study-What They Are and Why They Are important/Total Diet Study. Springer, New York, pp. 3-10.
  9. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO). (2011) Towards a harmonized Total Diet Study approach: a guidance document. EFSA J., 9, 2450.
  10. Pennington, J.A. and Gunderson, E.L. (1987) History of the Food and Drug Administration's total diet study--1961 to 1987. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 70, 772-782.
  11. World Health Organization. (1968) Pesticide residues: report of the 1967 joint meeting of the FAO working party and the WHO expert committee, Rome, Italy, FAO and WHO, Geneva. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/40693/1/WHO_TRS_391.pdf?ua=1.
  12. World Health Organization. (1999) GEMS/FOOD total diet studies: report of a joint USFDA/WHO international workshop on Total Diet Studies in cooperation with the Pan American health organization, Kansas City, USA, World Health Organization. Available from: ftp://ftp.ksph.kz/Chemistry_-Food%20Safety/TotalDietStudies/Diet.pdf.
  13. World Health Organization. (2002) GEMS/FOOD total diet studies: report of the 2nd international workshop on Total Diet Studies, Brisbane, Australia, World Health Organization. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/9241562196.pdf.
  14. World Health Organization. (2004) GEMS/FOOD total diet studies: report of the 3rd international workshop on Total Diet Studies, Paris, France, World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/chem/TDS_Paris_en.pdf.
  15. World Health Organization. (2006) GEMS/FOOD total diet studies: report of the 4th international workshop on Total Diet Studies, Beijing, China, World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.gencat.cat/salut/acsa/html/ca/dir3576/tds_beijing_2006_en.pdf.
  16. Kim, C.I., Koh, E.M., Shin, H.H., Yon, M.Y., Nam, E.J., Lee, Y.N., Kim, D.H. and Lee, J.Y. (2011) Planning of Total Diet Study for hazardous materials. The R&D Annual Report of KFDA, 15, 193-194.
  17. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2014) Total Diet Study: elements results summary statistics-market baskets 2006 through 2011. US Food and Drug Administration. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/food…totaldietstudy/ucm184301.pdf.
  18. Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ). (2014) 24th Australian Total Diet Study, Food standards Australia New Zealand. Available from: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/publications/Documents/1778-FSANZ_AustDietStudy-web.pdf.
  19. Smith, D.C. (1970) Pesticide residues in the total diet in Canada. Pestic. Sci., 2, 92-95.
  20. Cao, X.L., Perez-Locas, C., Dufresne, G., Clement, G., Popovic, S., Beraldin, F., Dabeka, R.W. and Feeley, M. (2011) Concentrations of bisphenol A in the composite food samples from the 2008 Canadian total diet study in Quebec City and dietary intake estimates. Food Addit. Contam. Part A, 28, 791-798. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2010.513015
  21. Leblanc, J.C., Guerin, T., Noel, L., Calamassi-Tran, G., Volatier, J.L. and Verger, P. (2005) Dietary exposure estimates of 18 elements from the 1st French Total Diet Study. Food Addit. Contam., 22, 624-641. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030500135367
  22. Arnich, N., Sirot, V., Riviere, G., Jean, J., Noel, L., Guerin, T. and Leblanc, J.C. (2012) Dietary exposure to trace elements and health risk assessment in the 2nd French Total Diet Study. Food Chem. Toxicol., 50, 2432-2449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.016
  23. Rose, M., Baxter, M., Brereton, N. and Baskaran, C. (2010) Dietary exposure to metals and other elements in the 2006 UK Total Diet Study and some trends over the last 30 years. Food Addit. Contam. Part A, 27, 1380-1404. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2010.496794
  24. Ysart, G., Miller, P., Crews, H., Robb, R., Baxter, M., De L'argy, C., Lofthouse, S., Sarget, C. and Harrison, N. (1999) Dietary exposure estimates of 30 elements from the UK Total Diet Study. Food Addit. Contam., 16, 391-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/026520399283876
  25. Bolger, P.M., Yess, N.J., Gunderson, E.L., Troxell, T.C. and Carrington, C.D. (1996) Identification and reduction of sources of dietary lead in the United States. Food Addit. Contam., 13, 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652039609374380
  26. Korea Health Industry Development Institute. (2011) Korean Total Diet Study-Mycotoxins, Heavy Metals, Acrylamide. The R&D Report of Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.

Cited by

  1. Total Diet Study: For a Closer-to-real Estimate of Dietary Exposure to Chemical Substances vol.31, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2015.31.3.227
  2. Sampling design by the core-food approach for the Taiwan total diet study on veterinary drugs vol.34, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2017.1318223
  3. Challenges in risk assessment of multiple mycotoxins in food vol.9, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2016.2039