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Removal of Nitrogen Oxides Using Hydrocarbon Selective Catalytic Reduction Coupled with Plasma

플라즈마가 결합된 탄화수소 선택적 촉매환원 공정에서 질소산화물(NOx)의 저감

  • Ihm, Tae Heon (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jeju National University) ;
  • Jo, Jin Oh (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jeju National University) ;
  • Hyun, Young Jin (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jeju National University) ;
  • Mok, Young Sun (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Jeju National University)
  • 임태헌 (제주대학교 생명화학공학과) ;
  • 조진오 (제주대학교 생명화학공학과) ;
  • 현영진 (제주대학교 생명화학공학과) ;
  • 목영선 (제주대학교 생명화학공학과)
  • Received : 2015.12.29
  • Accepted : 2016.01.06
  • Published : 2016.02.10

Abstract

Low-temperature conversion of nitrogen oxides using plasma-assisted hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction of (HC-SCR) was investigated. Plasma was created in the catalyst-packed bed so that it could directly interact with the catalyst. The effect of the reaction temperature, the shape of catalyst, the concentration of n-heptane as a reducing agent, the oxygen content, the water vapor content and the energy density on $NO_x$ removal was examined. $NO_x$ conversion efficiencies achieved with the plasma-catalytic hybrid process at a temperature of $250^{\circ}C$ and an specific energy input (SIE) of $42J\;L^{-1}$ were 83% and 69% for one-dimensional Ag catalyst ($Ag\;(nanowire)/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$) and spherical Ag catalyst ($Ag\;(sphere)/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$), respectively, whereas that obtained with the catalyst-alone was considerably lower (about 30%) even with $Ag\;(nanowire)/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ under the same condition. The enhanced catalytic activity towards $NO_x$ conversion in the presence of plasma can be explained by the formation of more reactive $NO_2$ species and partially oxidized hydrocarbon intermediates from the oxidation of NO and n-heptane under plasma discharge. Increasing the SIE tended to improve $NO_x$ conversion efficiency, and so did the increase in the n-heptane concentration; however, a further increase in the n-heptane concentration beyond $C_1/NO_x$ ratio of 5 did not improve the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency any more. The increase in the humidity affected negatively the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency, resulting in lowering the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency at the higher water vapor content, because water molecules competed with $NO_x$ species for the same active site. The $NO_x$ conversion efficiency increased with increasing the oxygen content from 3 to 15%, in particular at low SIE values, because the formation of $NO_2$ and partially oxidized hydrocarbon intermediates was facilitated.

플라즈마와 선택적 촉매환원법이 결합된 복합공정을 이용하여 저온에서의 질소산화물($NO_x$) 저감에 대해 조사하였다. 플라즈마와 촉매가 직접 상호작용을 할 수 있도록 촉매 충진층에서 플라즈마가 생성되도록 하였다. 반응온도, 촉매의 형태, 환원제인 n-헵테인의 농도, 산소함량, 수분함량 및 에너지밀도의 변화가 $NO_x$ 전환효율에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 반응온도 $250^{\circ}C$, 에너지밀도 $42J\;L^{-1}$ 조건에서, 복합공정의 $NO_x$ 전환효율은 선형의 Ag 촉매($Ag\;(nanowire)/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$)와 구형의 Ag 촉매($Ag\;(sphere)/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$)를 사용한 경우에 각각 83%와 69%로 나타났으며, 플라즈마를 결합하지 않았을 때는 같은 조건에서 선형의 Ag 촉매를 사용해도 약 30%의 낮은 $NO_x$ 전환효율을 보였다. 플라즈마에 의한 촉매의 성능 향상은 플라즈마의 산화작용에 의해 NO가 반응성이 우수한 $NO_2$로 전환되고, n-헵테인이 부분 산화되어 환원력이 우수한 중간생성물을 발생시켜 선택적 환원반응을 촉진시켰기 때문이다. 에너지밀도의 증가에 따라 $NO_x$ 전환효율이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, n-헵테인의 농도를 증가시킬수록 $NO_x$ 전환효율이 높아졌으나 $C_1/NO_x$ 비가 5 이상이 되면 더 이상 $NO_x$ 전환효율이 증가되지는 않았다. 수분은 $NO_x$와 경쟁흡착 관계에 있으므로 $NO_x$ 전환효율에 큰 영향을 미치며, 수분함량이 높을 경우 $NO_x$ 전환효율이 감소하는 현상을 보였다. 산소농도가 3~15%로 증가할수록 $NO_2$ 및 부분 산화 탄화수소의 생성 촉진으로 $NO_x$ 전환효율이 향상되었으며, 특히 낮은 에너지 밀도에서 $NO_x$ 전환효율 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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