Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Transarterial Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Comprehensive Review with Current Updates and Future Directions

  • Kumar, Yogesh (Diagnostic Radiology, Yale New Haven Health System at Bridgeport Hospital) ;
  • Sharma, Pranav (Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Health System at Bridgeport Hospital) ;
  • Bhatt, Neeraj (Diagnostic Radiology, Yale New Haven Health System at Bridgeport Hospital) ;
  • Hooda, Kusum (Diagnostic Radiology, Yale New Haven Health System at Bridgeport Hospital)
  • Published : 2016.03.07
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Hepatocellular cancer is a very common cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Only 30-40% of patients present with early-stage disease open to curative treatments, such as resection or transplantation, while others can only undergo local therapies or palliative care. Various trans-arterial approaches have been used for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients who need a down-staging to liver transplantation, and who are not candidates for transplantation or radiofrequency ablation. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), transarterial embolization (TAE), drug-eluting beads, and radioembolization have been used for locoregional control, and have been shown to prolong the overall survival when compared with supportive care. In this review, we discuss patient selection, pre- and post-procedure imaging, techniques, safety, and clinical outcomes related to these therapies. Newer advances with future directions in various fields related to trans-arterial therapies are also discussed.

Keywords

References

  1. Atassi B, Bangash AK, Bahram A, et al (2008). Multimodality imaging following Y-90 radioembolization: a comprehensive review and pictorial essay. Radio Graphics, 28, 81-99.
  2. Brown DB, Fundakowski CE, Lisker-Melman M, et al (2004). Comparison of MELD and Child-Pugh scores to predict survival after chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 15, 1209-18. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.RVI.0000128123.04554.C1
  3. Bruix J, Sherman M (2011) Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: An Update. Hepatol, 53, 1020-2. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.24199
  4. Can A, Dogan E, Bayoglu IV, et al (2014). Multicenter epidemiologic study on hepatocellular carcinoma in Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 2923-7. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.6.2923
  5. Chang JM, Tzeng WS, Pan HB, Yang CF, Lai KH (1994). Transcatheter arterial embolization with or without cisplatin treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized controlled-study. Cancer, 74, 2449-2453. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19941101)74:9<2449::AID-CNCR2820740910>3.0.CO;2-4
  6. Coldwell DM, Stokes KR, Yakes WF (1994).. Embolotherapy:agents, clinical applications, and techniques. Radio Graphics, 14, 623-43.
  7. Covey AM, Brody LA, Maluccio MA, Getrajdman GI, Brown KT (2002). Variant hepatic arterial anatomy revisited: digital subtraction angiography performed in 600 patients. Radiol, 224, 542-7. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2242011283
  8. Deodhar A, Covey AM, Thornton R, et al (2010). Safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization with particles only in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombus. J Intervention, 3, 3-11
  9. Georgiades CS, Hong K, D'Angelo M, Geschwind JF (2005). Safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein thrombosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 16, 1653-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.RVI.0000182185.47500.7A
  10. Hong K, Khwaja A, Liapi E, et al (2006). New intraarterial drug delivery system for the treatment of liver cancer: preclinical assessment in a rabbit model of liver cancer. Clin Cancer Res, 12, 2563-7. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2225
  11. Iñarrairaegui M, Thurston KG, Bilbao JI, et al (2010). Radioembolization with use of yttrium-90 resin microspheres in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein thrombosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 21, 1205-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2010.04.012
  12. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al (2011). Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin, 61, 69-90. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20107
  13. Kan Z, McCuskey PA, Wright KC, Wallace S (1994). Role of Kupffer cells in iodized oil embolization. Invest Radiol, 29, 990-3 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-199411000-00007
  14. Kennedy A, Nag S, Salem R, et al (2007). Recommendations for radioembolization of hepatic malignancies using yttrium-90 microsphere brachytherapy: a consensus panel report from the radioembolization brachytherapy oncology consortium. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 68, 13-23 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.11.060
  15. Khan G1, Hashim MJ (2015). Burden of virus-associated liver cancer in the Arab world, 1990-2010. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 16, 265-70. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.1.265
  16. Kim W, Clark TWI, Baum RA, Soulen MC (2001). Risk factors for liver abscess formation after hepatic chemoembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 12, 965-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1051-0443(07)61577-2
  17. Kloeckner R, Otto G, Biesterfeld S, et al (2010). MDCT versus MRI assessment of tumor response after transarterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 33, 532-40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-009-9728-y
  18. Kong WD, Cao JM, Xu J, et al (2012). Impact of low versus conventional doses of chemotherapy during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on serum fibrosis indicators and survival of liver cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 13, 4757-61. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.9.4757
  19. Kruskal JB, Hlatky L, Hahnfeldt P, et al (1993). In vivo and in vitro analysis of the effectiveness of doxorubicin combined with temporary arterial occlusion in liver tumors. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 4, 741-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1051-0443(93)71965-X
  20. Kulik LM, Carr BI, Mulcahy MF, et al (2008). Safety and efficacy of 90Y radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with and without portal vein thrombosis. Hepatol, 47, 71-81.
  21. Lammer J, Malagari K, Vogl T, et al (2010). Prospective randomized study of doxorubicin eluting bead embolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: results of the PRECISION V study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 33, 41-52 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-009-9711-7
  22. Lewandowski RJ, Kulik LM, Riaz A, et al (2009). A comparative analysis of transarterial downstaging for hepatocellular carcinoma: chemoembolization versus radioembolization. Am J Transplant, 9, 1920-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02695.x
  23. Liapi E, Geschwind JF (2011). Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for liver cancer: is it time to distinguish conventional from drug eluting chemoembolization? Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 34, 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-010-0012-y
  24. Llovet JM, Brú C, Bruix J (1999). Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classification. Semin Liver Dis, 19, 329-38 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1007122
  25. Llovet JM, Real MI, Montana X, et al (2002). Arterial embolisation or chemoembolisation versus symptomatic treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 359, 1734-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08649-X
  26. Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, et al (2008). Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med, 359, 378-90 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0708857
  27. Lo CM, Ngan H, Tso WK, et al (2002). Randomized controlled trial of transarterial Lipiodol chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol, 35, 1164-71 https://doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2002.33156
  28. Luo J, Guo RP, Lai E, et al (2011). Transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: a prospective comparative study. Ann Surg Oncol, 18, 413-20. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-010-1321-8
  29. Ma TC, Shao HB, Xu Y, Xu K (2013). Three treatment methods via the hepatic artery for hepatocellular carcinoma - a retrospective study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 2491-4. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.4.2491
  30. Marelli L, Stigliano R, Triantos C, et al (2007). Transarterial therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: which technique is more effective? A systematic review of cohort and randomized studies. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 30, 6-25 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-006-0062-3
  31. Shi-Ying Wang, Wen-Hao Zhu, Sonya Vargulick, Sam Bill Lin, Zhi-Qiang Meng (2013). Nausea and vomiting after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: incidence and risk factor analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 5995-6000 https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.10.5995
  32. Song SY, Chung JW, Lim HG, Park JH (2006). Nonhepatic arteries originating from the hepatic arteries: angiographic analysis in 250 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 17, 461-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.RVI.0000202718.16416.18
  33. Wang ZJ, Wang MQ, Duan F, et al (2013). Clinical application of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with synchronous C-arm cone beam CT guided radiofrequency ablation in treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 1649-54. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.3.1649
  34. Xie ZR1, Luo YL, Xiao FM, Liu Q, Ma Y (2015). Health related quality of life of patients with intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma after liver resection or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 16, 4451-6. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.10.4451
  35. Xu C, Lv PH, Huang XE, et al (2014). Safety and efficacy of sequential transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and portal vein embolization prior to major hepatectomy for patients with HCC. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 703-6. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.2.703
  36. Yang J, Li C, Wen TF, et al (2014). Is hepatectomy for huge hepatocellular carcinoma (${\geq}10cm$ in diameter) safe and effective? A single-center experience. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 7069-77. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.17.7069
  37. Zhang ZM, Zhang YM, Gao S, et al (2014). Treatment efficacy and prognostic factors for huge HCC based on Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 8823-8. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.20.8823

Cited by

  1. Upregulation of P2Y2 nucleotide receptor in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells vol.44, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060516662135
  2. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Diagnosis, Treatment Algorithms, and Imaging Appearance after Transarterial Chemoembolization vol.6, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2017.00045
  3. Post Locoregional Therapy Treatment Imaging in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A Literature-based Review vol.6, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2017.00059
  4. Drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: Current state of the art vol.24, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v24.i2.161
  5. Numerical zero-dimensional hepatic artery hemodynamics model for balloon-occluded transarterial chemoembolization vol.34, pp.7, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.2983
  6. Post-operative care of interventional therapy for 40 liver cancer patients with obstructive jaundice vol.27, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12858