Carbon letters

  • Volume 24
  • /
  • Pages.18-27
  • /
  • 2017
  • /
  • 1976-4251(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2233-4998(eISSN)
Korean Carbon Society (한국탄소학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of the surface modification using MWCNTs with different L/D by two different methods of deposition on the IFSS of single carbon fiber-epoxy resin composite

  • Herrera-Sosa, Minerva L. (Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan A.C.) ;
  • Valadez-Gonzalez, Alex (Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan A.C.) ;
  • Vazquez-Torres, Humberto (Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa) ;
  • Mani-Gonzalez, Pierre G. (Departamento de Fisica y Matematicas, Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez) ;
  • Herrera-Franco, Pedro J. (Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan A.C.)
  • Received : 2017.01.21
  • Accepted : 2017.06.20
  • Published : 2017.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with two different (L/D) aspect ratios ($7{\pm}2{\mu}m/140{\pm}30nm$ and $0.5-2{\mu}m/8-15nm$) were surface treated using nitric acid ($HNO_3$) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) prior to their deposition on carbon fibers (CF). Before the hierarchical reinforcement with CF-MWCNT, the CFs were treated with 3-glycidoxypropyltrime-thoxysilane, a coupling agent (Z6040) and with poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) a dendrimer containing an ethylenediamine core and amine surface groups. The MWCNT were deposited on the CF using two methods, by electrostatic attraction and by chemical reactions. The changes in the CF surface morphology after the MWCNT deposition were analyzed using SEM, which revealed a higher density and uniform coverage for the PAMAM-treated CF and the short MWCNTs. The interfacial adhesion of the composite materials was evaluated using the single fiber fragmentation technique. The results indicated an improvement in the interfacial shear strength with the addition of the short-MWCNTs treated with acid solutions and grafted onto the surface of the CF fiber using electrostatic attraction.

Keywords

References

  1. Chand S. Review carbon fibers for composites. J Mater Sci, 35, 1303 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004780301489.
  2. Thostenson ET, Li WZ, Wang DZ, Ren ZF, Chou TW. Carbon nanotube/carbon fiber hybrid multiscale composites. J Appl Phys, 91, 6034 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1466880.
  3. Bekyarova E, Thostenson ET, Yu A, Kim H, Gao J, Tang J, Hahn HT, Chou TW, Itkis ME, Haddon RC. Multiscale carbon nanotube: carbon fiber reinforcement for advanced epoxy composites. Langmuir, 23, 3970 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1021/la062743p.
  4. Romhany G, Szebenyi G. Interlaminar fatigue crack growth behavior of MWCNT/carbon fiber reinforced hybrid composites monitored via newly developed acoustic emission method. eXPRESS Polym Lett, 6, 572 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2012.60.
  5. Dzenis Y. Structural nanocomposites. Science, 319, 419 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1151434.
  6. Popov VN. Carbon nanotubes: properties and application. Mater Sci Eng R Rep, 43, 61 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2003.10.001.
  7. Ruoff RS, Lorents DC. Mechanical and thermal properties of carbon nanotubes. Carbon, 33, 925 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(95)00021-5.
  8. Salvetat JP, Bonard JM, Thomson NH, Kulik AJ, Forro L, Benoit W, Zuppiroli L. Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys A, 69, 255 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/s003390050999.
  9. Chou TW, Gao L, Thostenson ET, Zhang Z, Byun JH. An assessment of the science and technology of carbon nanotube-based fibers and composites. Compos Sci Technol, 70, 1 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.10.004.
  10. Iijima S. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature, 354, 56 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1038/354056a0
  11. Qian H, Bismarck A, Greenhalgh ES, Shaffer MSP. Carbon nanotube grafted carbon fibres: a study of wetting and fibre fragmentation. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf, 41, 1107 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.04.004.
  12. Peng Q, He X, Li Y, Wang C, Wang R, Hu PA, Yan Y, Sritharan T. Chemically and uniformly grafting carbon nanotubes onto carbon fibers by poly(amidoamine) for enhancing interfacial strength in carbon fiber composites. J Mater Chem, 22, 5928 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/C2JM16723A.
  13. Mazov I, Kuznetsov VL, Simonova IA, Stadnichenko AI, Ishchenko AV, Romanenko AI, Tkachev EN, Anikeeva OB. Oxidation behavior of multiwall carbon nanotubes with different diameters and morphology. Appl Surf Sci, 258, 6272 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.03.021.
  14. Kamae T, Drzal LT. Carbon fiber/epoxy composite property enhancement through incorporation of carbon nanotubes at the fibermatrix interphase-Part I: The development of carbon nanotube coated carbon fibers and the evaluation of their adhesion. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf, 43, 1569 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.02.016.
  15. Mei L, He X, Li Y, Wang R, Wang C, Peng Q. Grafting carbon nanotubes onto carbon fiber by use of dendrimers. Mater Lett, 64, 2505 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2010.07.056.
  16. Drzal LT. The effect of polymeric matrix mechanical properties on the fiber-matrix interfacial shear strength. Mater Sci Eng A, 126, 289 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(90)90135-P.
  17. Aviles F, Cauich-Rodriguez JV, Moo-Tah L, May-Pat A, Vargas-Coronado R. Evaluation of mild acid oxidation treatments for MWCNT functionalization. Carbon, 47, 2970 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.06.044.
  18. Datsyuk V, Kalyva M, Papagelis K, Parthenios J, Tasis D, Siokoua A, Kallitsis I, Galiotis C. Chemical oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Carbon, 46, 833 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2008.02.012.
  19. Lee S, Oda T, Shin PK, Lee BJ. Chemical modification of carbon nanotube for improvement of field emission property. Microelectron Eng, 86, 2110 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2009.02.021.
  20. Peng Q, Li Y, He X, Lv H, Hu P, Shang Y, Wang C, Wang R, Sritharan T, Du S. Interfacial enhancement of carbon fiber composites by poly(amido amine) functionalization. Compos Sci Technol, 74, 37 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.10.005.
  21. He X, Wang C, Tong L, Wang R, Cao A, Peng Q, Moody S, Y Li. Direct measurement of grafting strength between an individual carbon nanotube and a carbon fiber. Carbon, 50, 3782 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.03.053.
  22. Zielke U, Huttinger KJ, Hoffman WP. Surface-oxidized carbon fibers: I. surface structure and chemistry. Carbon, 34, 983 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(96)00032-2.
  23. Cauich Cupul JI. Estudio de la Degradacion de la Interface de un Material Compuesto Fibra de Carbon-Resina por Efectos Higrotermicos/Jaiver Ivan Cauich Cupul, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan, A.C., Merida, MSc Thesis (2004).
  24. Moreno Chulim MV. Caracterizacion Fisicoquimica de la Interface Fibra de Carbon-Resina Epoxica, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan, A.C., Merida, MSc Thesis (2004).
  25. Sun L, Warren GL, O'Reilly JY, Everett WN, Lee SM, Davis D, Lagoudas D, Sue HJ. Mechanical properties of surface-functionalized SWCNT/epoxy composites. Carbon, 46, 320 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2007.11.051.