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Analysis of Forest Change Characteristics in North Korea using Multi-temporal Satellite Images

다시기 위성영상을 이용한 북한 전체의 산림 변화 특성 분석

  • Lee, Hyoung-Kyu (Department of Civil Engineering, Seoil University) ;
  • Oh, Myoung-Kwan (Department of Electrical & Electronics Service, Hyejeon College)
  • 이형규 (서일대학교 토목공학과) ;
  • 오명관 (혜전대학교 전기전자서비스과)
  • Received : 2017.12.05
  • Accepted : 2018.01.05
  • Published : 2018.01.31

Abstract

We are constantly hearing about the seriousness of food shortages in North Korea through various media reports. Recently, the severity of the problem has increased, and international organizations and relief organizations have become increasingly concerned. Due to the shortage of food and firewood, residents illegally cut trees in the mountains and, as a result, North Korea has become the third fastest-growing area of forest degradation in Asia. However, since North Korea cannot directly measure the extent of forest degradation, remote sensing techniques using satellite imagery have to be applied. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of forest change in North Korea, in order to understand the severity of the forest degradation problem. For this purpose, Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI TIRS satellite images were acquired and classified. As a result, it was found that the forests have turned into wilderness in the Nampo City and Pyongyang municipalities, while the wasteland has changed into forests in the north of Yanggangdo. In addition, the total forested area of the whole region decreased by $4,166.22km^2$, the residential area decreased by $2,017.03km^2$, and the amount of agricultural land increased by $6,625.74km^2$, which is similar to the amount of forested area lost, although the difference in the overall area of the forests between 2017 and 2006 was small.

우리는 각종 언론 보도를 통해 북한 내 식량난의 심각성을 지속적으로 전달받고 있다. 최근 들어서는 그 심각성이 날로 높아져 국제기구와 구호단체에서도 우려의 목소리가 커지고 있다. 식량난과 땔감의 부족으로 인해 주민들은 산에 있는 나무를 불법으로 벌목하여 산림의 황폐화도 아시아에서 3번째로 빠르게 진행되고 있는 지역에 해당된다. 그러나 북한의 경우 직접적인 산림의 황폐화 정도를 측정할 수 없으므로, 위성영상을 이용한 원격탐사기법을 적용해야한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산림의 황폐화에 대한 심각성을 파악하기 위해 북한의 산림 변화 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 Landsat 5 TM 위성영상과 Landsat 8 OLI TIRS의 2시기 위성영상을 획득하고, 영상 분류를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 남포특별시 지역과 평양직할시 지역에서 산림이 황무지로 변한 것을 알 수 있었으며, 반면에 양강도 북부지역에서는 황무지가 산림지역으로 변한 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한, 전체 지역에 대한 면적은 2006년에 비해 2017년에 산림의 변화는 매우 적었으나 수계($4,416.22km^2$)와 주택지가($2,017.03km^2$) 감소하고, 감소된 면적과 유사한 값으로 농경지가 $6,625.74km^2$ 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

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