Toxicological Research

Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society (한국독성학회)
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Embryotoxic and Teratogenic Effects of Tartrazine in Rats

  • Hashem, Mohamed Mohammed (Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University) ;
  • Abd-Elhakim, Yasmina Mohammed (Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University) ;
  • Abo-EL-Sooud, Khaled (Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University) ;
  • Eleiwa, Mona M.E. (Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Cairo University)
  • Received : 2018.06.28
  • Accepted : 2018.08.30
  • Published : 2019.01.15
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Abstract

Tartrazine (TAZ) is one of the most commonly used artificial dyes for foods and drugs. We determined the effect of TAZ on fetal development by examining morphological, visceral, and skeletal malformations in rat fetuses following daily oral administration of TAZ to pregnant Wistar rats at the 6th-15th day of gestation. TAZ at 0.45 and 4.5 mg/kg induced 6.0 and 7.1% fetal resorptions, as well as 10.0 and 10.5% fetal mortality, respectively. Fetal body weight and length were significantly lower in the groups treated with TAZ at 0.45 ($3.97{\pm}0.21g$ and $27.3{\pm}0.54mm$, respectively) and 4.5 mg/kg ($3.48{\pm}0.15g$ and $23.22{\pm}1.02mm$, respectively) than in the control group ($4.0{\pm}0.15g$ and $30.01{\pm}0.42mm$, respectively). TAZ at 0.45 and 4.5 mg/kg induced hepatic damage (20 and 33.3%, respectively), dark brown pigmentation due to hemosiderin in the splenic parenchyma (16.7 and 21.7%, respectively), as well as destructed and necrotic renal tubules (16.7 and 26.7%, respectively) in the fetuses. Moreover, TAZ at 0.45 and 4.5 mg/kg caused one or more missing coccygeal vertebrae (20 and 40%, respectively), missing sternebrae (6 and 10%, respectively), missing hind limbs (24 and 4%, respectively), and irregular ribs (16 and 20, respectively) in the fetuses. We concluded that TAZ has embryotoxic and teratogenic potentials in rats.

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References

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