Acta Via Serica

Academia Via Serica (계명대학교 실크로드 중앙아시아연구원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Economics & Politics in China-India Relations: New Developments and Emerging Issues

  • PALIT, AMITENDU (Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore)
  • Received : 2020.10.13
  • Accepted : 2020.12.03
  • Published : 2020.12.21
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper traces the trajectory of a variety of complicated economic and political developments between China and India - the world's most ancient civilizations connected by rich history. These recent developments, which are heavily acrimonious and include military clashes involving loss of lives, have greatly damaged bilateral relations. The paper examines the reasons behind the bilateral relations dipping to new lows. Aside from specific bilateral disputes like outstanding border problems, China-India relations have been affected by global and regional developments. The paper identifies rising tensions between the U.S. and China, the evolution of the Belt and Road Initiative, and the growth of the Indo-Pacific construct, as the reasons that have expanded distance and mistrust between the two countries. Both China and India are now part of country coalitions aiming to marginalize each other's strategic influences. The paper argues that such efforts by them are going to impact countries in their neighbourhood - such as in Central Asia - by forcing them to make complex choices in the areas of trade engagement and technological development.

Keywords

References

  1. 2020. "China: Trump 'Spreading Political Virus' at the United Nations.'" Aljazeera, September 22, 2020. https//www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/22/china-trump-spreading-political-virus-at-united-nations
  2. 2020. "U.S.-China Relations Taiwan Trade Deal on Donald Trump's Radar, American Lawmaker says." South China Morning Post, September 30, 2020. https//www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3103725/us-china-relations-taiwan-trade-deal-donald-trumps-radar
  3. 2020. "U.S. Consulate China Orders U.S. Consulate Closure in Tit-for-Tat Move." BBC News, July 24, 2020. https//www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53522640
  4. Abe, Shinzo. 2007. "Confluence of the Two Seas." (Speech at the Parliament of the Republic of India) https//www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/pmv0708/speech-2.html
  5. Bagchi, Indrani. 2020. "With Eye on China, MEA Brings Indo-Pacific, ASEAN Policies Under one Unit." The Times of India, September 29, 2020. https//timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/with-eye-on-china-mea-brings-indo-pacific-asean-policies-under-one-unit/articleshow/78374295.cms
  6. Barron, Laignee. 2020. "It's So Much Worse than Anyone Expected.' Why Hong Kong's National Security Law Is Having Such A Chilling Effect." Time, July 23, 2020. https//time.com/5867000/hong-kong-china-national-security-law-effect/
  7. Bisio, Virgil, Charles Horne, Ann Listerud, Kaj Malden, Leyton Nelson, Nargiza Salidjanova, and Suzanna Stephens. 2020. "The U.S.-China "Phase One" Deal: A Backgrounder." U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Issue Brief, February 4. https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2020-02/U.S.-China%20Trade%20Deal%20Issue%20Brief.pdf
  8. Blanchard, Jean Marc. 2020. "Small Waves Precede Tidal Waves: American Sanctions on Chinese Companies involved in South China Sea Island Building and their Larger Ramifications." Wong MNC Center. August 30. https://mnccenter.org/blog/small-waves-precede-tidal-waves-american-sanctions-chinese-companies-involved-south-china-sea?mc_cid=7b75cde7b4&mc_eid=469de0ace4
  9. Capri, Alex. 2020. "Techno-Nationalism and Diplomacy: The U.S.-China Race to Reshape Alliances, Institutions and Standards." Hinrich Foundation, October. https://research.hinrichfoundation.com/hubfs/White%20Paper%20PDFs/Techno-nationalism%20and%20diplomacy%20(Alex%20Capri)/Techno-nationalism%20and%20diplomacy_Alex%20Capri_Hinrich%20Foundation_RV_04.10.2020.pdf
  10. Chanda, Nayan. 2007. Bound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Adventurers, and Warriors Shape Globalization. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  11. Chaudhary, Archana, Ragini Saxena, P R Sanjai, and Saritha Rai. 2020. "China's Huawei, ZTE to be Shut Out of India's 5G Trials over National Security Concerns." Bloomberg, August 14, 2020. https//www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3097322/chinas-huawei-zte-set-be-shut-out-indias-5g-trials-over-national
  12. Chaudhury, Dipanjan Roy. 2020. "India, Japan Finalise Pact for Cooperation in 5G, AI, Critical Information Infrastructure." The Economic Times, October 7, 2020. https//economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-japan-finalise-pact-for-cooperation-in-5g-ai-critical-information-infrastructure/articleshow/78534833.cms
  13. El Kadi, Tin Hinane. 2019. "The Promise and Peril of the Digital Silk Road." Chatham House, June 6.https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/promise-and-peril-digital-silk-road#
  14. Government of India Ministry of Electronics & IT. 2020. "Government Blocks 118 Mobile Apps Which are Prejudicial to Sovereignty and Integrity of India, Defence of India, Security of State and Public Order." September 2. https//www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1650669
  15. Government of India Ministry of External Affairs. 2017. "Official Spokesperson's Response to a Query on Participation of India in OBOR/BRI Forum." May 13. https//mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/28463/Official+Spokespersons+response+to+a+query+on+participation+of+India+in+OBORBRI+Forum
  16. Government of Japan Ministry of Economics, Trade and Industry. 2020. "Australia-India-Japan Economic Ministers." Joint Statement on Supply Chain Resilience, September 1. https//www.meti.go.jp/press/2020/09/20200901008/20200901008-1.pdf
  17. Group of Twenty. 2019. "Osaka Declaration on Digital Economy." January 28. http//www.g20.utoronto.ca/2019/osaka_declaration_on_digital_economy_e.pdf
  18. Hanada, Ryosuke. 2019. "The Role of the Quad in the Free and Open Indo-Pacific Concept: A Policy Coordination Mechanism for Rules-Based Order." CogitAsia, CSIS Asia Program, April 10. http://www.cogitasia.com/the-role-of-the-quad-in-the-free-and-open-indo-pacific-concept-a-policy-coordination-mechanism-for-rules-based-order/
  19. Hashimova, Umida, 2020. "Before and Beyond 5G: Central Asia's Huawei Connections." The Diplomat, February 19 2020. https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/before-and-beyond-5g-central-asias-huawei-connections/
  20. Jonasse, Rick. 2018. "The Doha Collapse: Time to get Agriculture out of the WTO." Institute for Food and Development Policy Policy Brief, August 15. https://foodfirst.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/PB15-Doha-Collapse-Jonasse.pdf
  21. Joseph, Josy. 2018. " What is the Doklam issue all about?," The Hindu, January 27, 2018. https//www.thehindu.com/news/national/what-is-the-doklam-issue-all-about/article22536937.ece
  22. Joshi, Yogesh. 2019. "Xi Jinping and Narendra Modi Met Again this Month. Here are Four Things to Know about Sino-Indian Relations." The Washington Post, October 22, 2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/10/22/xi-jinpingnarendra-modi-met-again-this-month-here-are-things-know-about-sino-indian-relations/
  23. Kieschnick, John. 2003. The Impact of Buddhism on Chinese Material Culture. NJ: Princeton University Press.
  24. Kondapalli, Srikanth. 2017. "Why India is not a Part of the Belt and Road Initiative Summit." Indian Express, May 15, 2017. https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/why-india-is-not-part-of-the-belt-and-road-initiative-summit-4656150/
  25. Mohan, Greeta. 2020. "Get lost, says Taiwan, after China asks Indian Media to Follow One-China Policy." India Today, October 8, 2020. https//www.indiatoday.in/india/story/get-lost-says-taiwan-after-china-asks-indian-media-to-follow-one-china-policy-1729418-2020-10-08
  26. Paik, Wooyeal and Jae Jeok Park. 2020. "The Quad's Search for Non-Military Roles and China's Strategic Response: Minilateralism, Infrastructure Investment, and Regional Balancing." Journal of Contemporary China, DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2020.1766908
  27. Palit, Amitendu. 2012. China-India Economics Challenges, Competition and Collaboration. London and N.Y.: Routledge.
  28. Palit, Amitendu. 2017. "The Maritime Silk Road Initiative (MSRI): Why India is Worried, What China Can Do." Global Policy, May 31, 2017. https://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/31/05/2017/maritime-silk-road-initiative-msri-why-india-worried-what-china-can-do
  29. Palit, Parama Sinha. 2017. Analysing China's Soft Power Strategy and Comparative Indian Initiatives. New Delhi: Sage.
  30. Panda, Ankit. 2020. "A Skirmish in Galwan Valley: India and China's Deadliest Clash in More Than 50 Years," The Diplomat, June 17. https://thediplomat.com/2020/06/a-skirmish-in-galwan-valley-india-and-chinas-deadliest-clash-in-more-than-50-years/
  31. Pandit, Rajat. 2020. "How Defence Partnership Ringfences Ties Between India and the US." The Times of India, February 23, 2020. https//timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/how-defence-partnership-ringfences-ties-between-india-us/articleshow/74262419.cms
  32. Pardesi, Manjeet. 2018. "The Initiation of the Sino-Indian rivalry." Asian Security 15, no. 3: 253-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/14799855.2018.1471060
  33. People's Republic of China Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2020. Spokesperson Wang Wenbin's Regular Press Conference, September 29. https//www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2511_665403/t1820149.shtml
  34. Pompeo, Michael U.S. Secretary of State. 2020. " Announcing the Expansion of the Clean Network to Safeguard America's Assets." Press Statement, August 5. https//www.state.gov/announcing-the-expansion-of-the-clean-network-to-safeguard-americas-assets/
  35. Runde, Daniel F., and Romina Bandura. 2018. "The Build Act Has Passed: What's Next?" October 12, 2018, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). https://www.csis.org/analysis/build-act-has-passed-whats-next
  36. Sharma, Smita. 2017. "China Pakistan Economic Corridor Passes through Illegal Territory of PoK Foreign Secretary S. Jaishankar." India Today, January 24, 2017. https//www.indiatoday.in/india/story/china-pakistan-economic-corridor-illegal-territory-pak-occupied-kashmir-foreign-secretary-s-jaishankar-955692-2017-01-18
  37. Sherman, Justin. 2020. "The UK is Forging a 5G Club of Democracies to Avoid Reliance on Huawei." New Atlanticist, June 2, 2020. https//www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/the-uk-is-forging-a-5g-club-of-democracies-to-avoid-reliance-on-huawei/
  38. Singh, Manmohan. 2013. Press Release of Prime Minister of India at Beijing, China. October 23. Border Defence Cooperation Agreement between India and China https//peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/CH-IN_131023_BorderDefenceCooperationAgreement.pdf
  39. Stavridis, James. 2020. "What would happen if the U.S. recognized Taiwan?" Nikkei Asia Review, September 25, 2020. https://asia.nikkei.com/Opinion/What-would-happen-if-the-US-recognized-Taiwan
  40. Tharoor, Shashi. 2012. Pax Indica: India and the World of the 21st Century. New Delhi: Penguin.
  41. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2019. "Countries discuss Proposed WTO Talks to Boost E-commerce." April 5. https//unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2051
  42. United States Department of State. n.d. "The Clean Network." state.gov/the-clean-network/
  43. Whalen, Jeanne, Rachel Lerman, and Ellen Nakashima. 2020. " U.S. Bans WeChat, TikTok as China Becomes Major Focus of Election." The Washington Post, September 19, 2020. https//www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/09/18/tiktok-wechat-ban-trump/
  44. Wong, Edward, Lara Jakes and Steven Lee Myers. 2020. "U.S. Orders China to Close Houston Consulate." The New York Times, July 23, 2020. https//www.nytimes.com/2020/07/22/world/asia/us-china-houston-consulate.html)
  45. World Bank (a). n.d. https//data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL
  46. World Bank (b). n.d. https//data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD
  47. World Trade Organization (a). n.d. "Dispute Settlement Gateway." https//www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/find_dispu_cases_e.htm
  48. World Trade Organization (b). n.d. "Doha Development Agenda." https//www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dda_e/dda_e.htm#development
  49. World Trade Organization. 2019. Joint Statement on Electronic Commerce. January 25. https//trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2019/january/tradoc_157643.pdf