Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Vocational Culture Conflicts and Vocational Adaptation of North Korean Defectors

북한이탈주민의 직업문화충돌과 직업적응에 관한 연구

  • Received : 2019.08.23
  • Accepted : 2020.01.03
  • Published : 2020.01.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study analyzed how North Korean defectors recognized and overcame conflict in the South Korean job culture during the course of entering and settling into South Korea, and the association between their old career and adaptation within their new careers. The study selected 13 employed participants who entered South Korea more than five years ago and experienced working. Interviews were conducted over the course of five years. The topics were analyzed after performing interviews 60 to 120 minutes long by recording and transcribing the recordings and using semi-structured questionnaires for the 13 people. The results reflected the job environment in North Korea, their career background, factors for a successful new life, their constant efforts for employment, the difficult adaption to South Korean life, pursuing job stability, accepting South Korean culture, and career compromises. The results of this study are as follows. First, they undergo difficulty in the course of selecting jobs due to the converted environment from passivity to autonomy. Second, they cannot use their previous job history and they complained about prejudice and the lack of job information. Third, major problems included their lack of adaptability, stress, and loss of economic power. The study suggests that these North Korean defectors undergo an integrated course of cultural learning. Fourth, they were hardly able to adapt. Fifth, they tried to overcome conflicts of job culture according to their personal characteristics.

이 연구는 북한이탈주민이 탈북 후 우리나라에 입국하여 정착하는 과정에서 어떠한 경로로 직업문화충돌을 인식하고 극복하는지, 자신의 진로와 직업생활에 적응하는 형태 등을 분석하였다. 이 연구는 질적연구 중 사례연구방법으로 북한과 우리나라에서 직업경험이 있는 북한이탈주민으로 입국한 지 5년이 경과되고, 직업을 가진 13명을 선정하였다. 면담은 총 5개월(2017. 8.~12.)에 걸쳐 진행하였으며, 반구조화 질문지로 1인당 60~120분에 걸쳐 면담진행 및 녹취, 전사 후 주제를 분석하였다. 주제 분석 결과, 북한에서의 직업환경과 개인의 진로배경, 새로운 삶을 통한 성공요인, 취업을 향해 꾸준히 노력하는 자세, 남한생활 적응의 어려움, 직업안정성을 추구하거나 남한의 문화를 수용하고 진로타협을 표출하였다. 이 연구의 결과, 첫째, 북한과 남한에서 직업을 선택하는 과정이 의존적에서 자율성으로 전환된 환경으로 직업선택 과정에서의 어려움을 겪는다. 둘째, 북한에서 축적된 진로자본을 남한에서 직업시장 진입 시 활용할 수 없고, 의사소통의 어려움, 편견이나 직업정보 부재 등의 애로점을 토로하였다. 셋째, 북한이탈주민의 직업문화충돌에 대한 주요 문제는 이질적 문화에 대한 적응력 부족, 스트레스, 경제력의 소진 등이며, 대처하는 방법은 배타성, 문화학습의 통합과정을 거친다. 넷째, 북한이탈주민은 직업적응에서 잦은 이직과 진로자본의 지속된 확장의 적응 등 부적응을 보였다. 다섯째, 북한이탈주민은 직업문화충돌을 개인별 특성에 따라 극복하고 적응하려고 하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. J. O. LEE, "Eine philosophische Untersuchung zur Narrativitt im Phnomen der Kulturkonflikt", Chul Hak Sa Sang, Journal of Philosophical Ideas, Vol.02, pp. 347-375, 2008.
  2. Unification Ministry, Unification White Paper, 2017.
  3. Y. S. Jeon, Development of Career Barriers Inventory for Female North Korean Defectors, Korea University of Technology and Education, 2010.
  4. K. H. Chae, "The Adaptation Status of North Korean Defectors to South Korean Society and Its Effect on their Problem Solving Ability", Jounal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, Vol.18, No. 10, pp.524-530. 2017. DOI : https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2017.18.10.524
  5. S. Y. Yoo, "Proposal for Improvement of Recognition of Employment and Job Market of North Korean Defetors", The Korean Association for Local Governmnet Studies, Vol.2017, No.3, pp.11-19, 2017.
  6. E. J. Lee, "A qualitative study on female North Korean defectors' experience of vocational education and job-seeking strategies", Korea Institute of Exhibition Industry convergene, Vol. 27, No.. 2017. 1, pp.173-189. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17548/ksaf.2017.01.27.173
  7. M. K. Park, A study of community resettlement assistance policy for North Korean defectors, Busan University, 2009.
  8. O. H. Heo, "Study experience of elderly North Korean defectors on job choice and process", Comprehensive Journal of Social Welfare. Vol.1, No.1, pp.27-49.
  9. M. H. Kim, A Qualitative Case Study on the Occupational Experiences of Female North Korean Defectors, Yonsei University, 2019.
  10. Schein, E. "Organization culture and leadership: A yanmic View", San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1997.
  11. Deal, T.E. & Kennedy, "Corporate culteres: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life.", Addison Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, 126, 1982.
  12. Kotter, J.P. & Heskett, J.L. "Corporation Culture and Performance. The Free Press, New York., 1992.
  13. R. M. Paige, "Internationalizing Educational Administration", Educational Administration Quarterly, Vol.35, No.4, pp500-517, 1999. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X99354005
  14. G. A. Brooks, "Muscular efficiency during steady-rate exercise: effects of speed and work rate", Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 38, pp. 1132-1139. 1975. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1975.38.6.1132
  15. H. Y. Jeon, The Effects of Telecollaborative Video conferencing on Elementary school Students' Intercultural Communicative Competence: A Study of Korean-Taiwanese Telecollaboration, Master's thesis, Hankuk University of Foreaign Studies, 2013.
  16. J. M. Ham, A preliminary study on developing national culture contents for its integration in the event of national unification, Master's thesis, DaeJin University, 2013.
  17. J. H. Han, The Influence of Cultural Collision after M&A on Organization Commitment, Master's thesis, The Catholic University of Korea, 2015.
  18. E. Marx, "Breaking though Culture Shock: What you Need to Succeed in International Busines, Nicholas Brealey Publishing, pp.5-10. 2011.
  19. B. S. Kim, Vocational terminology dictionary, Public Administration Kyunggi University, 2008.
  20. B. S. Kim, "Human and Occupation", Sigma Press, 2009.
  21. D. Elber, "Cross-Cultural Connections. IVP Academic, p.43.
  22. I. J. Yoon, "The Actual Condition and Analysis of North Korean defectors: An Integrated Model of North Korean Refugees and Social Adaptation", Tongil Nonchong, Vol. No. 18, 2000.
  23. D. Y. Kim, A study o the effectiveness of the vocational training pregram for persons with disabilities, Daegu, University, 2003.
  24. B. H. Kang, The affect of living and working abilities of reemployed injured workers on work adjustment: mediating effect of self-efficacy, Master's thesis, Seoul Women's University, 2017.
  25. Z G. Zhao, Relationship between Culture Shock and Mental Health of Chinese Students Studying in Korea, Master's thesis, WonKwang University, 2009.
  26. I. O. Yang, The Analysis of Latent Profile based on The Autonomy and Parental Psychological Control in the Adolescents, Ph.D dissertation, Dankook University, 2016.
  27. A. Y. Kim & M. H. Lee, "Structural Relationships Among Adolescents' Psychological Need Satisfaction, Depressive Tendency, and School Adjustment in Middle- and Highschool", The Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol.22(2), pp.423-441, 2008.
  28. Y. C. Lee & S. W. Kwon, "An Approach to Social Pathology in Korean Society from the Confucian Perspective - From Closed Society to Open One", Korea Studies Adancement Center, Vol.20, pp.465-496, 2012.
  29. S. Y. Kim, Phenomenological study on the occupational adaptation experience of middle-aged defection men, Master's thesis, Korea Counselling Graduate University, 2017.
  30. E. S. Cho, "Research on Developing a Model of Self-supporting Vocational Education and Training for North Korean Defectors", KRIVET, 2012.
  31. J. W. Creswell, "Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design : Choosing among Five Approaches, Hakjisa, 2010.
  32. J. W. Creswell, "Research design : qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches", 2017..
  33. R. K. Yin, "Case study research : design and methods", HanKyungsa, 2011.
  34. D. K. Kim, "North and South occupation", Human Resources Development Service of Korea, Work Information Center, 2001.
  35. H. K. Chang & Y. R. Kim, "A Study on Family Stability and Social Adjustment of North Korean Refugees and Women's Role", KWDI, Vol.60, pp.175-199, 2001.
  36. E. S. Park, "A Study on the Actual Conditions of North Korean Defectors and Policy for Supporting Settlement in South Korea", The Korean Association for Policy Studies, Vol. No.2, 2008.
  37. J. Y. Lee, A Study on North Korean Immigrant Women's Learning Experiences for Life Adaptation - Focusing on the initial intensive education programs at community adaptation education Center, Master's thesis, Kongju National University, 2012.
  38. N. H. Shin, "The Deep Reading on the Female North Korean Defectors' Oral Life History : on the Focusing the Important Life Accidents and Positions of the Social Conflict Division", The Review of Korean Cultural Studies, Vol.50. pp.153-182. 2015. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17329/kcbook.2015.50.50.006
  39. Y. N. Kim, "Narrative Inquiry about entering process South Korea, NIS investigation course and Hanawon center curriculum of North Korean defectors", Journal of Human Rights & Law-related Education, Vol.9, No.2 pp.33-64, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15738/kjell.16.3.201609.537
  40. Y. S. Jeon & H. Y. Kang, "Career Barriers, Career Decisions Making Self-Efficacy and Career Decisions Making Levels for North Korean females Refugees: Compared with South Korean females", The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, Vol.14, No.3, pp.409-425, 2009. https://doi.org/10.18205/KPA.2009.14.3.006
  41. O. H. Heo, Qualitative Research regarding perception on old age of North Korean defectors, Master's thesis, Seoul Christian University, 2015.
  42. J. R. Park, Study on Female New Residence Seekers' Work Values and Career Decision-making Process, Ph.D. dissertation, Ewha Womans University, 2005.
  43. S. Y. Park, "Reconstruction of Life History of Female North Korean Defector Exodus from Self-Reliance(Juche) Ideology to the Illusion of Capitalism", Korean Journal of Qualitative Research in Social Welfare, Vol. 1(2), pp.5-30, 2017.
  44. Y. S. Shim, A Study on the Characteristices of South Korean Perceptions towards North Korean Refugees, Master's thesis, Sungkyul University, 2016.
  45. K. J. Kim, A Study of Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction of Workers with Disabilities, Ph.D dissertation, Injae University, 2011.
  46. J. T. Kim, A Study on the Life and Barriers of North Korean Refugees in South Korean Workplace, Ph.D dissertation, Kyungnam University, 2014.