Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea (대한건축학회논문집)

Architectural Institute of Korea (대한건축학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Reinterpretation on the Flying Eaves of Oksa in Samguksagi

『삼국사기』 옥사조의 비첨(飛簷) 재해석

  • 허유진 (서울대학교 공과대학 건축학과) ;
  • 전봉희 (서울대학교 공과대학 건축학과)
  • Received : 2020.07.03
  • Accepted : 2020.09.14
  • Published : 2020.09.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In East Asian timber structure, the roof types are major factor in expressing the hierarchy of buildings. China has long held the perception that the 'hip roof' is the highest while the 'gable roof' is the lowest. Just as the ancient Chinese building code from Tang and Song Dynasty mainly recorded the 'hip and gabled roof' for regulating hierarchy, the hypothesis that Silla's Oksa(屋舍) in the 9th century may have contained a regulation on the roof type brings an opportunity to newly illuminate the 'flying eave(飛簷)', which has long been interpreted as the 'flying rafter' in Korean architectural history. On the Chinese dictionaries written in the 18th century, the term 'flying eave' indicated Chun-Hyeo in Korean. Chun-Hyeo, the old word for Chu-nyeo, seems to be used for the 'corner eave', not the 'corner rafter'. Therefore the 'flying eave' means the 'corner eave' just as the same as the wide meaning of Chu-nyeo in the contemporary Korean language. When we can apply this retroactively to the 9th century, the prohibition of the 'flying eave' in the Silla's building code becomes the regulation of the roof type to maintain the hierarchy for all residential buildings, allowing the 'hip roof' and 'hip-and-gable roof only for the highest rank such as Seong-gol(聖骨).

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 서울대학교 공학연구원의 지원으로 수행되었음.

References

  1. AIK. (2020). Online Dictionary of Architecture & Architectural Engineering(AIK's ArchiDic) from http://dict.aik.or.kr/
  2. Baik, S. (2017). Architectural Statues, Characteristics and Aesthetics of Houses in the Song dynasty. The Korean Society of Oriental Art Studies, 36, 102-131.
  3. Baidu Encyclopedia from https://baike.baidu.com
  4. Bae, C. (2020). On the Origin and Development of the Transition Space in Korean Traditional Architecture. Ph.D Dissertation, Seoul National University, 50-53.
  5. Beijing Institute of Cultural Relics. (1992). A Dictionary of Chinese Ancient Architecture(中國古代建築辭典). 1st ed., Beijing, Zhongguoshudian, 90, 102.
  6. Database of Chinese Classic Ancient Books(中國基本古籍庫)
  7. Database of Korean Classics from https://db.itkc.or.kr
  8. Guo, Q. (2002). Visual Dictionary of Chinese Architecture. 1st ed., Mulgrave, images Publishing, 50.
  9. Hong, M. (18c). Bangeonjibseok(方言集釋). In Seo, M et al. Bomanjaeenggan(保晩齋剩簡). from Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies
  10. Hong, Y. (2005). Etymology of 'Seoggarae'. New Korean News, 86, from https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nknews/200509 /86_1.html
  11. Hyun, S., & Kang, H. (2015). A Study on the Walls of Oksa in the Samguksagi. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, Planning & Design, 31(2), 237-244. https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK_PD.2015.31.2.237
  12. Jang, G. (1998a). Korean Architecture World IV: A Dictionary of Korean Architecture. 2nd ed., Seoul, Boseonggak, 100.
  13. Jang, G. (1998b). Korean Architecture World V: Timber Structure. 2nd ed., Seoul, Boseonggak, 289.
  14. Jang, K. (1992). Korean Traditional Architecture. 1st ed., Seoul, Moonnye, 162.
  15. Jeon, B. (2010). Korean Language and Architectural Words. In Kim, B et al., Key Concepts of Korean Architecture. 1st ed., Paju, Dongnyok, 649-651.
  16. Jeon, B & Lee, K. (2006). 3 bay X 3 bay. 1st ed., Seoul, SNU press, 36.
  17. Jeong, K. (1999). The Understanding of 'MyoChim' and its Reconstruction in to SeoWon by SaLim in the 17th century, Ph.D Dissertation, Seoul National University, 149, 155, 170-173.
  18. Joo, N. (1987). New Study on Oksa in the Samguksagi. Professor Kim Won-ryong's Retirement Commemorative Collection of Papers, 383.
  19. Kim, B. (1145). Samguksagi(三國史記). 33, Korean History Database from http://db.history.go.kr
  20. Kim, D et al. (2007). Hwasungsungyoukeugye(華城城役儀軌) Architectural Glossary. 1st ed., Suwon, Gyeonggi Cultural Foundation, 147-148, 152.
  21. Kim, G. (1690). Yeokeoyuhae(譯語類解). from Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies
  22. Kim, H. (1775). Yeokeoyuhaebo(譯語類解補). from Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies
  23. Kim, J. (1981). New Study on Oksa in the Samguksagi. Proceedings of Silla Culture Conference, 2, 90.
  24. Ko, Y. (2010). History of Art and Architecture in Joseon (draft). 1st ed., Paju, Youlhwadang, 191.
  25. Kondo, Y. (2013). Ancient Architectural Detail Design (古建築の細部意匠). 22nd ed., Tokyo, Taigashuppan, 173.
  26. Lee, D. (2013). The True Identity of Dangwa as stated in Samguksagi Oksajo. Journal of Korean Studies, 164, 85-106.
  27. Lee, E & Kim, W. (2013). A Study on Ochae from Oksa in Samguksagi. Proceedings of Korean Institute of Architectural History Spring Conference, 91-94.
  28. Lee, J. (2005). A Study on the Daily life Furniture in Three Kingdoms and Unified Silla Period, Journal of Korean Institute of Interior Design, 14(5), 80-88.
  29. Lee, J. (2011). A Study on the Sil in Oksa Chapter of Samguksagi. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, Planning & Design, 27(4), 139-146.
  30. Lee, J. (2015). A Study on the Plan Type of Houses in Unified Silla Period. Journal of the Korean Housing Association, 26(6), 141.
  31. Lee, K. (2013). Purlin Structure and Rafter Structure. 1st ed., Seoul, Spacetime, 128-129, 191.
  32. Lee, M. (1798). Jaemulbo(才物譜). from Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies
  33. Lee, S. (1995). A Study on the Section of "Housing Regulations" in the Chronicles of the Three States. Journal of Architectural History, 4(2), 45-64.
  34. Lee, W. (2006). The Formation and Changes of Bracket Structures of Korean Traditional Architecture in Goryeo Period(10c-14c), Ph.D Dissertation, Seoul National University, 133-138.
  35. Li, D., Hong, S., & Lee, S. (2010). The Records of Excursion on Boat in Yang Zhou Vol.3. 1st ed., Seoul, Somyeong, 373.
  36. Matsumura, A. et al., (2008). Super Daishibayashi(大辞林) 3.0. Tokyo, Monokakido Co. Ltd. from the application in version 4.2.4.(R62)
  37. Nakamura, T. (1920). A Dictionary of Japanese Architecture(日本建築辭典). 11st ed., Tokyo, Maruzen Co. Ltd., 221, 318.
  38. National Institute of the Korean Language. (2020). Korean Standard Dictionary from https://stdict.korean.go.kr
  39. Park, J. (2006). The Etymons of the Protruding Corners of Eaves and Eaves. Journal of Humanities, 38, 169-183. https://doi.org/10.22947/IHMJU.2017.38.3.006
  40. Shin, Y. (1969). Oksa and Ordinary Houses in Samguksagi. Journal of History Review, 3, 121.
  41. Shin, Y. (1983). Korean Houses. 1st ed., Seoul, Youlhwadang, 197-198.
  42. Shin, Y. (1984). Housing Architecture in the Unified Silla Period. Korean Journal of Art History, 54-67.
  43. Sung, D. (2013). A Study on the Proportion System of Shomei in Japan. Journal of The Regional Association of AIK, 15(6), 184.
  44. The Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Joseon Dynasty(承政院日記) from http://sjw.history.go.kr
  45. Tianyige Museum & Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. (2006). Tianyige Cangming Chaolben Tianshengling Jiaozheng(天一閣藏明鈔本天聖令校證) Vol. 2. Beijing, 1st ed., Zhonghua shuju, 343, 421.
  46. Unknown. (n.d.). Gwangjaemulbo(廣才物譜). from Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies
  47. Wi, B. (1770). Shinpyeonpyojechandohwanyeongji(新編標題纂圖寰瀛誌). from Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies
  48. Yang, J. (2007). The Article Housing in the Samguksagi thinking though the Ordinance of Build and Repair. Journal for the Studies of Korean History, 28, 18-23.
  49. Yoon, J. (2008). Korean Architectural History - Extended Edition. 1st ed., Paju, Dongmyeongsa, 226.