Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Attitude and Reproductive Health Promotion Behavior among North Korean Women Defectors: alienated women's sex

북한이탈여성의 성지식, 성태도, 생식건강 증진행위: 소외된 여성의 성

  • Received : 2020.09.18
  • Accepted : 2020.11.06
  • Published : 2020.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study examined the reproductive health-related experiences of North Korean women defectors and their sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, and reproductive health promotion behavior. Convergent parallel mixed methods were used. From April to July 2020, 8 North Korean women defectors in Seoul metropolitan area were recruited by snowball sampling. In addition, 175 participants in the Seoul metropolitan area, Chungcheong, and Gyeongsang Province were recruited. Content analysis was conducted to analyze qualitative data, and the SPSS 23.0 program was used. Three themes were derived: scared of sex due to ignorance', 'the embarrassing and annoying sex only for duty', and had to manage myself for sex under the limited situation.'. The subject's sexual knowledge was higher in the older and married groups, and the sexual attitude was more liberal in the younger group. Reproductive health promotion behavior was more active in the high economic level, and sexual knowledge and sexual attitude showed a positive correlation. Therefore, it is necessary to provide support systems and resources from the community to encourage reproductive health promotion activities. In addition, in terms of humanitarian aid, prioritization of the reproductive health of North Korean women is required.

본 연구는 북한이탈여성의 재북당시 생식건강 관련 경험을 탐색하고 성지식, 성태도, 생식건강 증진행위 수준을 확인하기 위해 수행된 수렴병렬 혼합설계 연구이다. 2020년 4월에서 7월까지 수도권에 거주하는 8명의 북한이탈여성을 눈덩이 방식으로 표집 후 심층면담하여 질적자료를 수집하였고 수도권, 충청권, 경상권에 거주하는 175명의 북한이탈여성을 편의표집하여 성지식, 성태도, 생식건강 증진행위에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 심층면담 결과는 내용분석을 실시하였고, 설문 결과는 SPSS 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여 independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficients로 분석하였다. 질적자료 분석결과 북한이탈여성의 북한에서 경험한 생식건강 관련 경험은 '잘 알지 못하여 두려운 성', '의무만 강요하는 부끄럽고 귀찮은 성', '모든 것이 제한된 속에서 내가 스스로 알아서 관리해야하는 성'으로 나타났다. 양적자료 분석결과 대상자의 성지식은 연령이 높은 군과 기혼 군에서 높았고 성태도는 연령이 낮은 군에서 더 개방적인 것으로 나타났다. 생식건강 증진행위는 경제수준이 높은 군에서 더 활발하였고 성지식과 성태도는 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 국내에 정착한 대상자들이 재북기간에 가졌던 성에 대한 소극적인 태도를 극복하고 생식건강 증진행위를 수행할 수 있도록 지역사회의 지지체계 및 자원의 제공이 필요하며, 북한여성의 생식건강에 대하여 인도주의적 지원의 우선순위가 요구된다.

Keywords

References

  1. UN. Sustainable Development Goals 2015, [cited 2020 Mar 15], Available from: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/ (accessed Mar. 15, 2020)
  2. UN. Every Woman Every Child. 2015, [cited 2020 Mar 15], Available from https://www.everywomaneverychild.org/global-strategy/#sect2 (accessed Mar. 15, 2020)
  3. WHO. reproductive health. 2020, [cited 2020 Mar 15], Available from: https://www.who.int/westernpacific/health-topics/reproductive-health (accessed Sep. 1, 2020)
  4. J. H. Oh, Development and Evaluation of Integrated Reproductive Health Program for North Korean women Refugees, Ph.D dissertation, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, pp.41-63, 2019.
  5. J. H. No, H. S. Kim, "Gender differences and relationships among lifestyle and reproductive health in university students", Korean J Women Health Nurs, Vol.25, No.4, pp. 446-458, Dec. 2019. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2019.25.4.446
  6. S. M. Ho, Sexual Knowledge, Attitude and Sexual Behavior of the University Students, Master's thesis, Hanyang Univsersity, Seoul, Korea, pp.22-31, 2009.
  7. J. E. Roh, A study of menstrual culture and management in Asia, Journal of Korean Women's studies, Vol.34, No.2, pp. 143-177, June. 2018. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30719/JKWS.2018.06.34.2.143
  8. J. H. Jeon, "Sexual knowledge, sexual attitude, stress coping, and resilience of North Korean female defectors", Military Nursing Research, Vol.36, No.1, pp.22-34. Mar. 2018. https://doi.org/10.31148/kjmnr.2018.36.1.22
  9. K. S. Kwon, "Sexual practices of North Korean Women to Compete Norms : Focusing on the Sexual Experiences of Everyday Arduous March After", Culture and Society, Vol.20, pp.241-288. April. 2016. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17328/kjcs.2016.20..007
  10. G. R. VandenBos, APA dictionary of psychology. American psychological Association. 2007. [cited 2020 Mar 15], Available from: https://dictionary.apa.org/sexual-attitudes (accessedSep. 1, 2020)
  11. UN. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women examines the reports of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. 2017 [cited 2020 February 10], Available from:https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-peoples-republic-korea/committee-elimination-discrimination-against-women-0 (accessed Feb. 10, 2020)
  12. D. H. Han, et al., Whitepaper of human right in North Korea, p465, pp.278-314, Seoul, Research center of unification.
  13. Y. S. Lee, H. W. Koo, I. Y. Han, "Factors Related to Female Sexual Dysfunction of North Korean Women Defectors", Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion, Vol.30, No.2, pp.55-69. June. 2013. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14367/kjhep.2013.30.2.055
  14. Bruni L, Albero G, Serrano B, Mena M, Gomez D, Munoz J, Bosch FX, de Sanjose S. ICO/IARC Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Infor mation Centre). Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in DPR Korea. Summary Report 17 June 2019. [cited 2020 February 10], Available from:https://hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/PRK.pdf(accessed Feb. 10, 2020)
  15. K. S. Kim, S. Kim, Y. Chung, "A qualitative study exploring factors associated with Pap test use among North Korean refugees", Health Care for Women International, Vol.38, No.10, pp.1115-1129. July. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2017.1359605
  16. I. Y. Han, H. S. Kang, H. E. Baik, "Sexual trauma of North Korean female defectors. Social Science Research Review", Vol.29, No.3, pp.187-207, Aug. 2013.
  17. H. S. Kim, H. K. Kim, "Difference of menstrual problems according to post traumatic stress disorder among North Korean woman defectors in South Korea", The Korean Journal of Stress Research, Vol.25, No.4, pp. 294-298, Dec. 2017. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2017.25.4.294
  18. Creswell, J.W. and V.L.P. Clark, Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Sage publications, 2017, pp.51-91.
  19. I. Y. Han, H. J. Koo, S. K. Oh, "A study on sex knowledge among North Korean female", The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, Vol.15, No.1, pp 87-102, 2010. DOI:https://doi.org/10.18205/kpa.2010.15.1.005
  20. H. Y. Cho, Development of Measurement tools for Reproductive Health Promoting Behavior of Undergraduate, Ph.D dissertation, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea, pp.117-125, 2014.
  21. W. J. Choi et al., "The effects of convergent reproductive health promotion program for Korean university students on sexual knowledge, sexual attitude, and reproductive health promoting behavior", Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, Vol.9, No.3, pp.145-152, Mar. 2018. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15207/JKCS.2018.9.3.145
  22. P. F. Colaizzi, Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it, In R. Vaile & M. King (Eds.), Existential phenomenological alternatives for psychology, Oxford University Press, 1978, pp. 48-71.
  23. Y. D. Shin, North Korean refugee women's sexual knowledge and sexual attitude survey, Master's thesis, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea, pp. 16-31, 2013.
  24. S. H. Han, K. J. Kim, J. S. Bang, "The awareness of contraception and experience of oral contraceptives among North Korean defector women in Republic of Korea", Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, Vol.29, No.1, pp.33-44, Mar. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24304/kjcp.2019.29.1.33
  25. S. M. Koo, H. J. Kim, "The relationships between sexual knowledge or sexual attitudes and reproductive health promotion behavior of undergraduate students", Journal of Digital Convergence, Vol.15, No.12, pp.1-11, Dec. 2017. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2017.15.12.1
  26. Citizens' Alliance for North Korean Human Rights, Situation in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Submission for the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women 68th Session 2017Situation Report of Women's Rights in the DPRK 2017 [cited 2020 Mar 10], Available from: http://kor.nkhumanrights.or.kr/myhope/a_reports/20180705170718.pdf (accessed Mar. 10. 2020)
  27. C. Lee, N. Lee, "Reproductive health promotion behavior of infertility women and normal women," Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, Vol.25, No.2, pp.207-218. June. 2019. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2019.25.2.207.
  28. UNICEF. Antenatal care. 2018 [cited 2019 July 27], Available from: https://data.unicef.org/topic/maternal-health/antenatal-care/ (accessed Mar. 10. 2020)
  29. S. H. Kim, M. J. Park, "The practice of women and social structure on the reproductive sphere in North Korea: The reproduction-related legislations and women's experience", Women's Studies Review, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 99-134. June. 2016. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.18341/wsr.2016.33.1.99
  30. H. Y. Kim, M. Park, E. Lee, "A cross-sectional survey of relationships between sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, and reproductive health behaviour among female university students", Contemporary nurse, Vol.54, No.6, pp.640-650, Nov. 2018. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2018.1556104