Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy

Asian Society for Innovation and Policy (아시아기술혁신학회)
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The Evolution of Korea's Basic Acts on Science and Technology and their Characteristics

  • Lee, Changyul (Department of Public Administration, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies) ;
  • Lee, Elly Hyanghee (Division of Global Innovation Strategy, Science and Technology Policy Institute) ;
  • Kim, Seongsoo (Department of Public Administration, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)
  • Received : 2021.11.26
  • Accepted : 2021.12.09
  • Published : 2021.12.31
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Abstract

This study examined the evolution of S&T Basic Acts in Korea from the Science and Technology Promotion Act (1967) through the Special Act on STI (1997) to the Framework Act on Science and Technology (2001) in the following aspects: 1) comprehensive plans, 2) coordination mechanisms for S&T policies, 3) enforcement of R&D programs and performance diffusion, 4) promotion of human resources, 5) and S&T investment and budgeting. Before the Framework Act on S&T was enacted in 2001, critical issues were found in establishing S&T master plans, promotion of R&D programs, comprehensive coordination mechanisms, and R&D budgeting. The three Basic Acts have expanded the scope of regulation over time to cover the entire cycle of the S&T process. They concern a wide range of issues, including creating a basis for scientific and technological development, S&T promotion, disseminating and commercializing research outcomes, and preventing adverse effects from science and technology. The content of the Basic Acts has evolved in response to changes in the political, economic, and social environment of Korean industry during the past five decades.

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Acknowledgement

The idea of this article was developed from the S&T Law and Regulation in Indonesia project commissioned by the Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI) as part of the 2021 K-Innovation Program. The authors would like to thank STEPI for the research opportunity and sponsorship. The work was also supported by the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 2021 Research Fund.

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