DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) for Iris Recognition System on Mobile Devices-A Survey

  • Motwakel, Abdelwahed (Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University) ;
  • Hilal, Anwer Mustafa (Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University) ;
  • Hamza, Manar Ahmed (Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University) ;
  • Ghoneim, Hesham E. (Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University)
  • Received : 2021.12.05
  • Published : 2021.12.30

Abstract

The implementation of iris biometrics on smartphone devices has recently become an emerging research topic. As the use of iris biometrics on smartphone devices becomes more widely adopted, it is to be expected that there will be similar efforts in the research community to beat the biometric by exploring new spoofing methods and this will drive a corresponding requirement for new liveness detection methods. In this paper we addresses the problem of presentation attacks (Spoofing) against the Iris Recognition System on mobile devices and propose novel Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) method which suitable for mobile environment.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia for the assistance.

References

  1. Jain, Anil K., Arun A. Ross, and Karthik Nandakumar. Introduction to biometrics. Springer Science & Business Media, 2011.
  2. Jain, Anil K., Karthik Nandakumar, and Arun Ross. "50 years of biometric research: Accomplishments, challenges, and opportunities." Pattern Recognition Letters 79 (2016): 80-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2015.12.013
  3. Jiang, Richard, et al. Biometric Security and Privacy. Springer International Publishing AG, 2017.
  4. Jan, J. Daugman. "How Iris Recognition works, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and systems for video Technology." (2004).
  5. Quinn, George W., et al. IREX IX Part One: Performance of Iris Recognition Algorithms. US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2018.
  6. Czajka, Adam, and Kevin W. Bowyer. "Presentation attack detection for iris recognition: An assessment of the state-of-the-art." ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 51.4 (2018): 86.
  7. El Baz, Didier, and Jerry Gao. "2017 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computed, Scalable Computing & Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation, SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/CBDCom/IOP/SCI 2017." 2017 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computed, Scalable Computing & Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation, SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/CBDCom/IOP/SCI 2017(2017).
  8. Gupta, Sandeep KS, Tridib Mukherjee, and Krishna Kumar Venkatasubramanian. Body area networks: Safety, security, and sustainability. Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  9. Maiorana, Emanuele, et al. "On the vulnerability of an EEG-based biometric system to hill-climbing attacks algorithms' comparison and possible countermeasures." 2013 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS). IEEE, 2013.
  10. Kohli, Naman, et al. "Synthetic iris presentation attack using iDCGAN." 2017 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB). IEEE, 2017.
  11. Komulainen, Jukka, Abdenour Hadid, and Matti Pietikainen. "Contact lens detection in iris images." Iris and Periocular Biometric Recognition, Christian Rathgeb and Christoph Busch (Eds.). IET, London, UK (2017): 265-290.
  12. Yambay, David, et al. "LivDet iris 2017-Iris liveness detection competition 2017." 2017 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB). IEEE, 2017.
  13. Kohli, Naman, et al. "Detecting medley of iris spoofing attacks using DESIST." 2016 IEEE 8th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS). IEEE, 2016.
  14. Thavalengal, Shejin, and Peter Corcoran. "User authentication on smartphones: Focusing on iris biometrics." IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 5.2 (2016): 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCE.2016.2522018
  15. Cho, Dal-ho, et al. "Pupil and iris localization for iris recognition in mobile phones." Seventh ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD'06). IEEE, 2006.
  16. Raja, Kiran B., et al. "Robust iris recognition using light-field camera." 2013 Colour and Visual Computing Symposium (CVCS). IEEE, 2013.
  17. Jeong, Dae Sik, et al. "Iris recognition in mobile phone based on adaptive gabor filter." International Conference on Biometrics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006.
  18. Kurkovsky, Stan, Tommy Carpenter, and Caleb MacDonald. "Experiments with simple iris recognition for mobile phones." 2010 Seventh International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations. IEEE, 2010.
  19. Sastry, A. V. G. S., and B. Durga Sri. "Enhanced Segmentation Method for Iris Recognition." International journal of computer trends and technology 4.2 (2013): 68-71.
  20. Raja, Kiran B., et al. "Smartphone based visible iris recognition using deep sparse filtering." Pattern Recognition Letters 57 (2015): 33-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2014.09.006
  21. Adhau, Ankita Satish, and D. K. Shedge. "Iris recognition methods of a blinked eye in nonideal condition." 2015 International Conference on Information Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2015.
  22. Shekar, B. H., and Sharada S. Bhat. "Steerable riesz wavelet based approach for iris recognition." 2015 3rd IAPR Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition (ACPR). IEEE, 2015.
  23. Smith, Brian A., et al. "Gaze locking: passive eye contact detection for human-object interaction." Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology. ACM, 2013.
  24. Galdi, Chiara, and Jean-Luc Dugelay. "Fusing iris colour and texture information for fast iris recognition on mobile devices." 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2016.
  25. De Jesus, Rosales-Banderas Jose, et al. "Methodology for iris scanning through Smartphones." 2016 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI). IEEE, 2016.
  26. Ali, Syed Arslan, et al. "Iris recognition system in smartphones using light version (LV) recognition algorithm." 2017 23rd International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC). IEEE, 2017.
  27. Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando, Reuben A. Farrugia, and Josef Bigun. "Learning-based local-patch resolution reconstruction of iris smart-phone images." 2017 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB). IEEE, 2017.
  28. Hofbauer, Heinz, et al. "Mobile NIR Iris Recognition: Identifying Problems and Solutions." 2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS). IEEE, 2019.
  29. Elrefaei, Lamiaa A., et al. "Developing Iris Recognition System for Smartphone Security." Multimedia Tools and Applications77.12 (2018): 14579-14603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-5049-3
  30. Zhang, Qi, et al. "Deep feature fusion for iris and periocular biometrics on mobile devices." IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 13.11 (2018): 2897-2912. https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2833033
  31. Deshpande, Bhagyashree, and Deepak Jayaswal. "Fast and Reliable Biometric Verification System Using Iris." 2018 Second International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT). IEEE, 2018.
  32. Odinokikh, G. A., et al. "High-Performance Iris Recognition for Mobile Platforms." Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis28.3 (2018): 516-524. https://doi.org/10.1134/s105466181803015x
  33. Zuo, Jinyu, Natalia A. Schmid, and Xiaohan Chen. "On generation and analysis of synthetic iris images." IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 2.1 (2007): 77-90. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2006.890305
  34. Park, Kang Ryoung, et al. "A study on iris localization and recognition on mobile phones." EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing 2008 (2008): 20.
  35. Wei, Zhuoshi, Tieniu Tan, and Zhenan Sun. "Synthesis of large realistic iris databases using patch-based sampling." 2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. IEEE, 2008.
  36. Baker, Sarah E., et al. "Degradation of iris recognition performance due to non-cosmetic prescription contact lenses." Computer Vision and Image Understanding 114.9 (2010): 1030-1044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2010.06.002
  37. He, Yuqing, et al. "Liveness iris detection method based on the eye's optical features." Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism and Crime Fighting VI and Optical Materials in Defence Systems Technology VII. Vol. 7838. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2010.
  38. Galbally, Javier, et al. "Iris liveness detection based on quality related features." 2012 5th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB). IEEE, 2012.
  39. Doyle, James S., Patrick J. Flynn, and Kevin W. Bowyer. "Automated classification of contact lens type in iris images." 2013 International Conference on Biometrics (ICB). IEEE, 2013.
  40. Kohli, Naman, et al. "Revisiting iris recognition with color cosmetic contact lenses." 2013 International Conference on Biometrics (ICB). IEEE, 2013.
  41. Doyle, James S., Kevin W. Bowyer, and Patrick J. Flynn. "Variation in accuracy of textured contact lens detection based on sensor and lens pattern." 2013 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS). IEEE, 2013.
  42. Czajka, Adam. "Database of iris printouts and its application: Development of liveness detection method for iris recognition." 2013 18th International Conference on Methods & Models in Automation & Robotics (MMAR). IEEE, 2013.
  43. Yambay, David, et al. "LivDet-Iris 2013-Iris Liveness Detection Competition 2013."
  44. Connell, Jonathan, et al. "Fake iris detection using structured light." 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2013.
  45. Komulainen, Jukka, Abdenour Hadid, and Matti Pietikainen. "Generalized textured contact lens detection by extracting bsif description from cartesian iris images." IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics. IEEE, 2014.
  46. Gupta, Priyanshu, et al. "On iris spoofing using print attack." 2014 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition. IEEE, 2014.
  47. Yadav, Daksha, et al. "Unraveling the effect of textured contact lenses on iris recognition." IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 9.5 (2014): 851-862. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2014.2313025
  48. Sequeira, Ana F., et al. "Mobilive 2014-mobile iris liveness detection competition." IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics. IEEE, 2014.
  49. Akhtar, Zahid, Christian Michelon, and Gian Luca Foresti. "Liveness detection for biometric authentication in mobile applications." 2014 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST). IEEE, 2014.
  50. Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando, and Josef Bigun. "Exploting periocular and RGB information in fake iris detection." 2014 37th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO). IEEE, 2014.
  51. Gragnaniello, Diego, Carlo Sansone, and Luisa Verdoliva. "Iris liveness detection for mobile devices based on local descriptors." Pattern Recognition Letters 57 (2015): 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2014.10.018
  52. Doyle, James S., and Kevin W. Bowyer. "Robust detection of textured contact lenses in iris recognition using BSIF." IEEE Access 3 (2015): 1672-1683. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2477470
  53. Raja, Kiran B., Ramachandra Raghavendra, and Christoph Busch. "Presentation attack detection using laplacian decomposed frequency response for visible spectrum and near-infra-red iris systems." 2015 IEEE 7th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS). IEEE, 2015.
  54. Silva, Pedro, et al. "An approach to iris contact lens detection based on deep image representations." 2015 28th SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images. IEEE, 2015.
  55. Raja, Kiran B., Ramachandra Raghavendra, and Christoph Busch. "Video presentation attack detection in visible spectrum iris recognition using magnified phase information." IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security10.10 (2015): 2048-2056. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2015.2440188
  56. Raghavendra, Ramachandra, and Christoph Busch. "Robust scheme for iris presentation attack detection using multiscale binarized statistical image features." IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 10.4 (2015): 703-715. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2015.2400393
  57. Yambay, David, et al. "LivDet-Iris 2015-Iris Liveness Detection Competition 2015."
  58. Kohli, Naman, et al. "Detecting medley of iris spoofing attacks using DESIST." 2016 IEEE 8th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS). IEEE, 2016.
  59. Kohli, Naman, et al. "Synthetic iris presentation attack using iDCGAN." 2017 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB). IEEE, 2017.
  60. Yambay, David, et al. "LivDet iris 2017-Iris liveness detection competition 2017." 2017 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB). IEEE, 2017.
  61. Yadav, Daksha, et al. "Unconstrained visible spectrum iris with textured contact lens variations: Database and benchmarking." 2017 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB). IEEE, 2017.
  62. Yadav, Daksha, et al. "Iris Presentation Attack via Textured Contact Lens in Unconstrained Environment." 2018 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2018.
  63. Chen, Cunjian, and Arun Ross. "A multi-task convolutional neural network for joint iris detection and presentation attack detection." 2018 IEEE Winter Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW). IEEE, 2018.
  64. De Marsico, Maria, et al. "Insights into the results of miche i-mobile iris challenge evaluation." Pattern Recognition 74 (2018): 286-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2017.08.028
  65. Hsieh, Sheng-Hsun, et al. "A novel anti-spoofing solution for iris recognition toward cosmetic contact lens attack using spectral ICA analysis." Sensors 18.3 (2018): 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030795
  66. Yan, Zihui, et al. "Hierarchical multi-class iris classification for liveness detection." 2018 International Conference on Biometrics (ICB). IEEE, 2018.
  67. McGrath, Joseph, Kevin W. Bowyer, and Adam Czajka. "Open Source Presentation Attack Detection Baseline for Iris Recognition." arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.10172 (2018).
  68. Chen, Yangyu, and Weigang Zhang. "Iris Liveness Detection: A Survey." 2018 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Multimedia Big Data (BigMM). IEEE, 2018.
  69. Sohankar, Javad, et al. "Systematic analysis of liveness detection methods in biometrie security systems." 2017 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computed, Scalable Computing & Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation (SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/CBDCom/IOP/SCI). IEEE, 2017.
  70. Akhtar, Zahid, et al. "MoBio_LivDet: Mobile biometric liveness detection." 2014 11th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS). IEEE, 2014.
  71. Poster, Domenick, Nasser Nasrabadi, and Benjamin Riggan. "Deep Sparse Feature Selection and Fusion for Textured Contact Lens Detection." 2018 International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG). IEEE, 2018.