DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Endogenous enzyme activities and tibia bone development of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets supplemented with xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase

  • 투고 : 2019.11.15
  • 심사 : 2020.03.26
  • 발행 : 2021.06.01

초록

Objective: This study assessed the effect of different levels of xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase on intestinal enzyme activities and tibia bone development in broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets. Methods: Twelve experimental diets were formulated using a 3×2×2 factorial design (three doses of phytase and two doses of both xylanase and β-glucanase) and offered to 648 day-old Ross 308 male chicks having 6 replicates groups with 9 birds per replicate and lasted for 35 days. Results: An interaction between the enzymes products improved (p<0.01) the activity of chymotrypsin. Protein content at d 10 was highest (p<0.001) with addition of phytase while general proteolytic activity (GPA) (p<0.02) and lipase activity (p<0.001) were decreased. At d 24, there were improvements in protein content (p<0.01) and lipase (p<0.04) with supplementation of superdose phytase. Addition of superdose phytase decreased in chymotrypsin (p<0.02), trypsin (p<0.01) and GPA (p<0.001). The optimum dose of xylanase decreased the chymotrypsin activity (p = 0.05), while the GPA (p<0.001) was increased with the optimum level of β-glucanase. Superdose phytase supplementation at d 10 improved maltase (p = 0.05), sucrase (p<0.001) and alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001) activities in the jejunum while aminopeptidase activity was highest (p<0.005) with the low level of phytase. Protein content of jejunum mucosa was bigger (p<0.001) in birds fed superdose phytase while maltase activity (p<0.001) at d 24 was reduced by this treatment. Sucrase (p<0.04) and aminopeptidase activities (p<0.001) improved when diets supplemented with low levels of phytase. Tibia bone breaking strength was highest (p<0.04) with addition of low level of superdose phytase or optimum level of β-glucanase. Bone dry matter content decreased (p<0.04) when diets supplemented with phytase. Conclusion: From the results obtained in this study, supplementation of superdose phytase was the most effective, however, the cost-benefit analysis of the use of such a dose needs to be evaluated.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Maenz DD, Classen HL. Phytase activity in the small intestinal brush border membrane of the chicken. Poult Sci 1998;77:557-63. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/77.4.557
  2. Bedford MR. Exogenous enzymes in monogastric nutrition - their current value and future benefits. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2000;86:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(00)00155-3
  3. Bedford MR, Schulze H. Exogenous enzymes for pigs and poultry. Nutr Res Rev 1998;11:91-114. https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR19980007
  4. Cowieson AJ. Factors that affect the nutritional value of maize for broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2005;119:293-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.12.017
  5. Jiang Z, Zhou Y, Lu F, Han Z, Wang T. Effects of different levels of supplementary alpha-amylase on digestive enzyme activities and pancreatic amylase mRNA expression of young broilers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2008;21:97-102. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70110
  6. Angel CR, Saylor W, Vieira SL, Ward N. Effects of a mono-component protease on performance and protein utilization in 7-to 22-day-old broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2011;90:2281-6. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-01482
  7. Kalmendal R, Tauson R. Effects of a xylanase and protease, individually or in combination, and an ionophore coccidiostat on performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens fed a wheat-soybean meal-based diet. Poult Sci 2012;91:1387-93. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-02064
  8. Yegani M, Korver DR. Effects of corn source and exogenous enzymes on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2013;92:1208-20. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02390
  9. Ferket PR, Sell JL. Effect of severity of early protein restriction on large turkey toms.: 1. Performance characteristics and leg weakness. Poult Sci 1989;68:676-86. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0680676
  10. Hester PY, Krueger KK, Jackson M. The effect of restrictive and compensatory growth on the incidence of leg abnormalities and performance of commercial male turkeys. Poult Sci 1990;69:1731-42. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0691731
  11. Pintar J, Homen B, Gazic K, Janjecic Z, Sikiric M, Cerny T. Effects of supplemental phytase on nutrient excretion and retention in broilers fed different cereal based diets. Czech Anim Sci 2005;50:40-6. https://doi.org/10.17221/3993-cjas
  12. Shelton JL, Southern LL. Effects of phytase addition with or without a trace mineral premix on growth performance, bone response variables, and tissue mineral concentrations in commercial broilers. J Appl Poult Res 2006;15:94-102. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/15.1.94
  13. Yi Z, Kornegay ET, Denbow DM. Supplemental microbial phytase improves zinc utilization in broilers. Poult Sci 1996;75:540-6. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0750540
  14. Swiatkiewicz S, Koreleski J, Zhong DQ. Bioavailability of zinc from inorganic and organic sources in broiler chickens fed diets with different levels of non-starch polysaccharides. Ann Anim Sci 2001;1:99-111.
  15. Viveros A, Brenes A, Arija I, Centeno C. Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral utilization and serum enzyme activities in broiler chicks fed different levels of phosphorus. Poult Sci 2002;81:1172-83. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.8.1172
  16. Zyla K, Gogol D, Koreleski J, Swiatkiewicz S, Ledoux DR. Simultaneous application of phytase and xylanase to broiler feeds based on wheat: feeding experiment with growing broilers. J Sci Food Agric 1999;79:1841-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199910)79:13<1841::AID-JSFA463>3.0.CO;2-G
  17. Aviagen W. Ross 308 broiler nutrition specifications. Huntsville, AL, USA: Aviagen Group; 2014.
  18. Shirazi-Beechey SP, Smith MW, Wang Y, James PS. Postnatal development of lamb intestinal digestive enzymes is not regulated by diet. J Physiol 1991;437:691-8. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018619
  19. Nitsan Z, Dror Y, Nir I, Shapira N. The effects of force-feeding on enzymes of the liver, kidney, pancreas and digestive tract of chicks. Br J Nutr 1974;32:241-7. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19740077
  20. Iji PA, Saki A, Tivey DR. Body and intestinal growth of broiler chicks on a commercial starter diet. 2. Development and characteristics of intestinal enzymes. Br Poult Sci 2001;42:514-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660120073142
  21. Holdsworth ES. The effect of vitamin D on enzyme activities in the mucosal cells of the chick small intestine. J Membr Biol 1970;3:43-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01868005
  22. Serviere-Zaragoza E, Del Toro MAN, Garcia-Carreno FL. Protein-hydrolyzing enzymes in the digestive systems of the adult Mexican blue abalone, Haliotis fulgens (Gastropoda). Aquaculture 1997;157:325-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00169-5
  23. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976;72:248-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
  24. Short FJ, Gorton P, Wiseman J, Boorman KN. Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1996;59:215-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00916-7
  25. Minitab. MINITAB release 17: statistical software for windows. PA, USA: Minitab Inc.; 2014.
  26. Peng YL, Guo YM, Yuan JM. Effects of microbial phytase replacing partial inorganic phosphorus supplementation and xylanase on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers fed wheat-based diets. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2003;16:239-47. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.239
  27. Plumstead PW, Leytem AB, Maguire RO, Spears JW, Kwanyuen P, Brake J. Interaction of calcium and phytate in broiler diets. 1. Effects on apparent prececal digestibility and retention of phosphorus. Poult Sci 2008;87:449-58. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2007-00231
  28. Cowieson AJ, Acamovic T, Bedford MR. The effects of phytase and phytic acid on the loss of endogenous amino acids and minerals from broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2004;45:101-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660410001668923
  29. Silversides FG, Scott TA, Bedford MR. The effect of phytase enzyme and level on nutrient extraction by broilers. Poult Sci 2004;83:985-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.6.985
  30. Fuente JM, Perez de Ayala P, Flores A, Villamide MJ. Effect of storage time and dietary enzyme on the metabolizable energy and digesta viscosity of barley-based diets for poultry. Poult Sci 1998;77:90-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/77.1.90
  31. Pinheiro DF, Cruz VC, Sartori JR, Vicentini Paulino ML. Effect of early feed restriction and enzyme supplementation on digestive enzyme activities in broilers. Poult Sci 2004;83:1544-50. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.9.1544
  32. Yusoff NM, Nuge T, Zainan NH, et al. Preliminary investigation of myo-inositol phosphates produced by ASUIA279 phytase on MCF-7 cancer cells. IIUM Eng J 2011;12:141-51. https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v12i4.216
  33. Wu YB, Ravindran V, Hendriks WH. Influence of exogenous enzyme supplementation on energy utilisation and nutrient digestibility of cereals for broilers. J Sci Food Agric 2004;84:1817-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1892
  34. Rutherfurd SM, Chung TK, Morel PC, Moughan PJ. Effect of microbial phytase on ileal digestibility of phytate phosphorus, total phosphorus, and amino acids in a low-phosphorus diet for broilers. Poult Sci 2004;83:61-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.1.61
  35. Ravindran V, Selle PH, Ravindran G, Morel PCH, Kies AK, Bryden WL. Microbial phytase improves performance, apparent metabolizable energy, and ileal amino acid digestibility of broilers fed a lysine-deficient diet. Poult Sci 2001;80:338-44. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.3.338
  36. Liu D, Guo S, Guo Y. Xylanase supplementation to a wheat-based diet alleviated the intestinal mucosal barrier impairment of broiler chickens challenged by Clostridium perfringens. Avian Pathol 2012;41:291-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2012.684089
  37. Munyaka PM, Nandha NK, Kiarie E, Nyachoti CM, Khafipour E. Impact of combined β-glucanase and xylanase enzymes on growth performance, nutrients utilization and gut micro-biota in broiler chickens fed corn or wheat-based diets. Poult Sci 2016;95:528-40. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev333
  38. Brenes A, Smith M, Guenter W, Marquardt RR. Effect of enzyme supplementation on the performance and digestive tract size of broiler chickens fed wheat- and barley-based diets. Poult Sci 1993;72:1731-9. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0721731
  39. Kies AK, Selle PH. A review of the antinutritional effects of phytic acid on protein utilisation by broilers. In: Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium; Sydney, Australia. 1998. pp. 128-31.
  40. Tang HO, Gao XH, Ji F, Tong S, Li XJ. Effects of a thermostable phytase on the growth performance and bone mineralization of broilers. J Appl Poult Res 2012;21:476-83. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2011-00348
  41. Knott L, Bailey AJ. Collagen cross-links in mineralizing tissues: a review of their chemistry, function, and clinical relevance. Bone 1998;22:181-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S8756-3282(97)00279-2