Acknowledgement
This paper is published as part of a research project supported by the University of Maragheh research affairs office.
References
- Ahmadi, H.R. and Anvari, D. (2018), "New damage index based on least squares distance for damage diagnosis in steel girder of bridge's deck", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit., 25(10), e2232. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2232.
- Ahmadi, H.R. and Daneshjoo, F. (2012), "A harmonic vibration, output only and time-frequency representation based method for damage detection in Concrete piers of complex bridges", Int. J. Civil Struct. Eng., 2(3), 987-1002.
- Ahmadi, H.R., Daneshjoo, F. and Khaji, N. (2015), "New damage indices and algorithm based on square time-frequency distribution for damage detection in concrete piers of railroad bridges", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit., 22(1), 91-106. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1662.
- Aloisio, A., Di Battista, L., Alaggio, R. and Fragiacomo, M. (2020), "Sensitivity analysis of subspace-based damage indicators under changes in ambient excitation covariance, severity and location of damage", Eng. Struct., 208, 110235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110235.
- Banks, H.T., Inman, D.J., Leo, D.J. and Wang, Y. (1996), "An experimentally validated damage detection theory in smart structures", J. Sound Vib., 191(5), 859-880. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1996.0160.
- Bayat, M., Ahmadi, H.R. and Mahdavi, N. (2019a), "Application of power spectral density function for damage diagnosis of bridge piers", Struct. Eng. Mech., 71(1), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.71.1.057.
- Bayat, M., Ahmadi, H.R., Kia, M. and Cao, M. (2019b), "Probabilistic seismic demand of isolated straight concrete girder highway bridges using fragility functions", Adv. Concrete Constr., 7(3), 183-189. http://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2019.7.3.183.
- Bayat, M., Pakar, I., Ahmadi, H.R., Cao, M. and Alavi, A.H. (2020), "Structural health monitoring through nonlinear frequency-based approaches for conservative vibratory systems", Struct. Eng. Mech., 73(3), 331-337. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.73.3.331.
- Bradford, S.C. (2006), "Time-frequency analysis of systems with changing dynamic properties", PhD Thesis, California Institute of Technology, USA.
- Cohen, L. (1989), "Time-frequency distributions-a review", Proc. IEEE, 77(7), 941-981. https://doi.org/10.1109/5.30749.
- Cohen, L. and Lee, C. (1989), "Instantaneous frequency and time-frequency distributions", IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 1231-1234.
- Gimm, H.I., Cha, K.U. and Cho, C.K. (2012), "Characterizations of gun barrel vibrations of during firing based on shock response analysis and short-time Fourier transform", J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 26(5), 1463-1470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-012-0335-5.
- Gudmundson, P. (1982), "Eigenfrequency changes of structures due to cracks, notches or other geometrical changes", J. Mech. Phys. Solid., 30(5), 339-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(82)90004-7.
- Guo, H.Y. and Li, Z.L. (2009), "A two-stage method to identify structural damage sites and extents by using evidence theory and micro-search genetic algorithm", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 23(3), 769-782. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(82)90004-7.
- Hlawatsch, F. and Auger, F. (2008), Time-Frequency Analysis, ISTE, London, UK.
- Khan, A., Ko, D.K., Lim, S.C. and Kim, H.S. (2019), "Structural vibration-based classification and prediction of delamination in smart composite laminates using deep learning neural network", Compos. Part B: Eng., 161, 586-594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.118.
- Khodja M.A., Aimer, A.F., Boudinar, A.H., Benouzza, N. and Bendiabdellah, A. (2019), "Bearing fault diagnosis of a PWM inverter fed-induction motor using an improved short time Fourier transform", J. Elec. Eng. Technol., 14(3), 1201-1210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-019-00096-y.
- Kim, B.S., Lee, S.H., Lee, M.G., Ni, J., Song, J.Y. and Lee, C.W. (2007), "A comparative study on damage detection in speed-up and coast-down process of grinding spindle-typed rotor-bearing system", J. Mater. Proc. Technol., 187, 30-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.11.222.
- Koh, B.H. and Dyke, S.J. (2007), "Structural health monitoring for flexible bridge structures using correlation and sensitivity of modal data", Comput. Struct., 85(3-4), 117-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.09.005.
- Kootsookos, P.J., Lovell, B.C. and Boashash, B. (1992), "A unified approach to the STFT, TFDs, and instantaneous frequency", IEEE Tran. Signal Pr., 40(8), 1971-1982. https://doi.org/10.1109/78.149998.
- Le, M., Kim, J., Kim, S. and Lee, J. (2018), "B-scan ultrasonic testing of rivets in multilayer structures based on short-time Fourier transform analysis", Measure., 128, 495-503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.06.049.
- Lee, C.H., Soong, F.K. and Paliwal, K.K. (2012), Automatic Speech and Speaker Recognition: Advanced Topics, Vol. 355, Springer Science & Business Media.
- Lim, J.S. and Oppenheim, A.V. (1987), Advanced Topics in Signal Processing, Prentice-Hall, Inc..
- Lourakis, M.I. (2005), "A brief description of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm implemented by levmar", Found. Res. Technol., 4(1), 1-6.
- Mertins, A. (1999), Signal Analysis: Wavelets, Filter Banks, Time-Frequency Transforms and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
- Messina, A., Williams, E.J. and Contursi, T. (1998), "Structural damage detection by a sensitivity and statistical-based method", J. Sound Vib., 216(5), 791-808. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1998.1728.
- Papandreou-Suppappola, A. (2018), Applications in Time-Frequency Signal Processing, CRC Press.
- Ranganathan, A. (2004), "The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm", Tutoral on LM Algorithm, 11(1), 101-110.
- Ren, W.X. and De Roeck, G. (2002), "Structural damage identification using modal data. I: Simulation verification", J. Struct. Eng., 128(1), 87-95. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:1(87).
- Todorovska, M.I. and Trifunac, M.D. (2007), "Earthquake damage detection in the Imperial County Services Building I: The data and time-frequency analysis", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 27(6), 564-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2006.10.005.
- Xu, Y.F., Chen, D.M. and Zhu, W.D. (2017), "Damage identification of beam structures using free response shapes obtained by use of a continuously scanning laser Doppler vibrometer system", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 92, 226-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.12.042.
- Zhang, F.L., Kim, C.W. and Goi, Y. (2021), "Efficient Bayesian FFT method for damage detection using ambient vibration data with consideration of uncertainty", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit., 28(2), e2659. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2659