DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A new index based on short time fourier transform for damage detection in bridge piers

  • Ahmadi, Hamid Reza (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh) ;
  • Mahdavi, Navideh (Department of Civil Engineering, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Bayat, Mahmoud (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina)
  • Received : 2020.10.22
  • Accepted : 2021.04.01
  • Published : 2021.05.25

Abstract

Research on damage detection methods in structures began a few decades ago with the introduction of methods based on structural vibration frequencies, which, of course, continues to this day. The value of important structures, on the one hand, and the countless maintenance costs on the other hand, have led researchers to always try to identify more accurate methods to diagnose damage to structures in the early stages. Among these, one of the most important and widely used methods in damage detection is the use of time-frequency representations. By using time-frequency representations, it is possible to process signals simultaneously in the time and frequency domains. In this research, the Short-Time Fourier transform, a known time-frequency function, has been used to process signals and identify the system. Besides, a new damage index has been introduced to identify damages in concrete piers of bridges. The proposed method has relatively simple calculations. To evaluate the method, the finite element model of an existing concrete bridge was created using as-built details. Based on the results, the method identifies the damages with high accuracy.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This paper is published as part of a research project supported by the University of Maragheh research affairs office.

References

  1. Ahmadi, H.R. and Anvari, D. (2018), "New damage index based on least squares distance for damage diagnosis in steel girder of bridge's deck", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit., 25(10), e2232. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2232.
  2. Ahmadi, H.R. and Daneshjoo, F. (2012), "A harmonic vibration, output only and time-frequency representation based method for damage detection in Concrete piers of complex bridges", Int. J. Civil Struct. Eng., 2(3), 987-1002.
  3. Ahmadi, H.R., Daneshjoo, F. and Khaji, N. (2015), "New damage indices and algorithm based on square time-frequency distribution for damage detection in concrete piers of railroad bridges", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit., 22(1), 91-106. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1662.
  4. Aloisio, A., Di Battista, L., Alaggio, R. and Fragiacomo, M. (2020), "Sensitivity analysis of subspace-based damage indicators under changes in ambient excitation covariance, severity and location of damage", Eng. Struct., 208, 110235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110235.
  5. Banks, H.T., Inman, D.J., Leo, D.J. and Wang, Y. (1996), "An experimentally validated damage detection theory in smart structures", J. Sound Vib., 191(5), 859-880. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1996.0160.
  6. Bayat, M., Ahmadi, H.R. and Mahdavi, N. (2019a), "Application of power spectral density function for damage diagnosis of bridge piers", Struct. Eng. Mech., 71(1), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.71.1.057.
  7. Bayat, M., Ahmadi, H.R., Kia, M. and Cao, M. (2019b), "Probabilistic seismic demand of isolated straight concrete girder highway bridges using fragility functions", Adv. Concrete Constr., 7(3), 183-189. http://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2019.7.3.183.
  8. Bayat, M., Pakar, I., Ahmadi, H.R., Cao, M. and Alavi, A.H. (2020), "Structural health monitoring through nonlinear frequency-based approaches for conservative vibratory systems", Struct. Eng. Mech., 73(3), 331-337. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.73.3.331.
  9. Bradford, S.C. (2006), "Time-frequency analysis of systems with changing dynamic properties", PhD Thesis, California Institute of Technology, USA.
  10. Cohen, L. (1989), "Time-frequency distributions-a review", Proc. IEEE, 77(7), 941-981. https://doi.org/10.1109/5.30749.
  11. Cohen, L. and Lee, C. (1989), "Instantaneous frequency and time-frequency distributions", IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 1231-1234.
  12. Gimm, H.I., Cha, K.U. and Cho, C.K. (2012), "Characterizations of gun barrel vibrations of during firing based on shock response analysis and short-time Fourier transform", J. Mech. Sci. Technol., 26(5), 1463-1470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-012-0335-5.
  13. Gudmundson, P. (1982), "Eigenfrequency changes of structures due to cracks, notches or other geometrical changes", J. Mech. Phys. Solid., 30(5), 339-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(82)90004-7.
  14. Guo, H.Y. and Li, Z.L. (2009), "A two-stage method to identify structural damage sites and extents by using evidence theory and micro-search genetic algorithm", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 23(3), 769-782. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(82)90004-7.
  15. Hlawatsch, F. and Auger, F. (2008), Time-Frequency Analysis, ISTE, London, UK.
  16. Khan, A., Ko, D.K., Lim, S.C. and Kim, H.S. (2019), "Structural vibration-based classification and prediction of delamination in smart composite laminates using deep learning neural network", Compos. Part B: Eng., 161, 586-594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.118.
  17. Khodja M.A., Aimer, A.F., Boudinar, A.H., Benouzza, N. and Bendiabdellah, A. (2019), "Bearing fault diagnosis of a PWM inverter fed-induction motor using an improved short time Fourier transform", J. Elec. Eng. Technol., 14(3), 1201-1210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-019-00096-y.
  18. Kim, B.S., Lee, S.H., Lee, M.G., Ni, J., Song, J.Y. and Lee, C.W. (2007), "A comparative study on damage detection in speed-up and coast-down process of grinding spindle-typed rotor-bearing system", J. Mater. Proc. Technol., 187, 30-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.11.222.
  19. Koh, B.H. and Dyke, S.J. (2007), "Structural health monitoring for flexible bridge structures using correlation and sensitivity of modal data", Comput. Struct., 85(3-4), 117-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.09.005.
  20. Kootsookos, P.J., Lovell, B.C. and Boashash, B. (1992), "A unified approach to the STFT, TFDs, and instantaneous frequency", IEEE Tran. Signal Pr., 40(8), 1971-1982. https://doi.org/10.1109/78.149998.
  21. Le, M., Kim, J., Kim, S. and Lee, J. (2018), "B-scan ultrasonic testing of rivets in multilayer structures based on short-time Fourier transform analysis", Measure., 128, 495-503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.06.049.
  22. Lee, C.H., Soong, F.K. and Paliwal, K.K. (2012), Automatic Speech and Speaker Recognition: Advanced Topics, Vol. 355, Springer Science & Business Media.
  23. Lim, J.S. and Oppenheim, A.V. (1987), Advanced Topics in Signal Processing, Prentice-Hall, Inc..
  24. Lourakis, M.I. (2005), "A brief description of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm implemented by levmar", Found. Res. Technol., 4(1), 1-6.
  25. Mertins, A. (1999), Signal Analysis: Wavelets, Filter Banks, Time-Frequency Transforms and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
  26. Messina, A., Williams, E.J. and Contursi, T. (1998), "Structural damage detection by a sensitivity and statistical-based method", J. Sound Vib., 216(5), 791-808. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1998.1728.
  27. Papandreou-Suppappola, A. (2018), Applications in Time-Frequency Signal Processing, CRC Press.
  28. Ranganathan, A. (2004), "The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm", Tutoral on LM Algorithm, 11(1), 101-110.
  29. Ren, W.X. and De Roeck, G. (2002), "Structural damage identification using modal data. I: Simulation verification", J. Struct. Eng., 128(1), 87-95. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:1(87).
  30. Todorovska, M.I. and Trifunac, M.D. (2007), "Earthquake damage detection in the Imperial County Services Building I: The data and time-frequency analysis", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 27(6), 564-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2006.10.005.
  31. Xu, Y.F., Chen, D.M. and Zhu, W.D. (2017), "Damage identification of beam structures using free response shapes obtained by use of a continuously scanning laser Doppler vibrometer system", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 92, 226-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.12.042.
  32. Zhang, F.L., Kim, C.W. and Goi, Y. (2021), "Efficient Bayesian FFT method for damage detection using ambient vibration data with consideration of uncertainty", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit., 28(2), e2659. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2659