DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Enhancement of performance and anti-oxidant variables in broiler chicken fed diets containing sub-optimal methionine level with graded concentrations of sulphur and folic acid

  • Received : 2021.06.02
  • Accepted : 2021.08.10
  • Published : 2022.05.01

Abstract

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing graded concentrations of inorganic sulphur (S) without and with folic acid (FA) in maize-soybean meal diets on performance, slaughter and anti-oxidant variables, immune responses and serum protein fractions in broiler chicken. Methods: Inorganic S was supplemented at 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, and 0.20% alone or in combination with FA (4 mg/kg) in basal diet (BD) containing no supplemental methionine (Met) and FA. A control group was fed with the recommended concentration of Met. Each diet was offered to 10 pens of 5 male broiler chicks (Cobb 400) and fed ad libitum from day 1 to 42. Results: The broilers fed the BD had lower body weight gain (BWG), feed efficiency (FE), higher lipid peroxidation (LP), lower activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), lower lymphocyte proliferation ratio (LPR), and reduced concentrations of total protein, albumin, and globulin in serum. Supplementation of FA and S to the BD improved the BWG (all concentrations of S) and FE (0.20% S) similar to the control group. Similarly, the combination of S and FA significantly improved the concentrations of total protein, albumin, and globulin in serum, reduced the LP and increased the activity of GSHPx and LPR. However, responses in the above parameters were related to the concentration of S in the diet. The slaughter variables and antibody titres against the Newcastle disease were not affected with the treatments. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is concluded that the combination of S (0.2%) and FA (4 mg/kg) improved the BWG and FE, similarly supplementation of these nutrients improved the concentration of protein fractions and reduced the stress (reduced LP and improved GSHPx) variables in serum and improved the cell mediated immune response (LPR) in broilers fed sub-optimal concentrations of Met in diet.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to express thanks to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India for funding the research work under AP Cess Fund scheme (REF: F. No. 8(43)/2016-ASR-III, dated June 2016 P C No 3030428006).

References

  1. Larbier M, Leclerco B. Nutrition and feeding of poultry. Leicestershire, UK: Nottingham University Press; 1992.
  2. Takahashi K, Ohata N, Akiba Y. Influence of dietary methionine and cystine on metabolic responses to immunological stress by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide injection and mitogenic response in broiler chickens. Br J Nutr 1997;78:815-21. https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn19970197
  3. Rama Rao SV, Praharaj NK, Panda AK, Reddy MR. Interaction between genotype and dietary concentrations of methionine for immune function in commercial broilers. Br Poult Sci 2003;44:104-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/0007166031000085283
  4. Wang ST, Chen HW, Sheen LY, Lii CK. Methionine and cysteine affect glutathione level, glutathione-related enzyme activities and the expression of glutathione S-transferase isozymes in rat hepatocytes. J Nutr 1997;127:2135-41. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.11.2135
  5. Pesti GM, Benevenga NJ, Harper AE, Sunde ML. Factors influencing the assessment of the availability of choline in feedstuffs. Poult Sci 1981;60:188-96. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0600188
  6. Virtanen E, Rosi L. Effects of betaine on methionine requirement of broilers under various environmental conditions. In: Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 1995; University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia. pp. 88-92.
  7. Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Panda AK, Poonam Saharia, Shyam Sunder G. Effect of supplementing betaine on performance, carcass traits and immune responses in broiler chicken fed diets containing different concentrations of methionine. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2011;24:662-9. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.10286
  8. Stover PJ. Physiology of folate and vitamin B12 in health and disease. Nutr Rev 2004;62:S3-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00070.x
  9. Finkelstein JD, Martin JJ. Methionine metabolism in mammals. Distribution of homocysteine between competing pathways. J Biolog Chem 1984;259:9508-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(17)42728-1
  10. Whitehead CC, McCormack HA, Rennie JS, Frigg M. Folic acid requirements of broilers. Br Poult Sci 1995;36:113-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669508417757
  11. Jing M, Munyaka PM, Tactacan GB, Rodriguez-lecompte JC, House JD. Performance, serum biochemical responses, and gene expression of intestinal folate transporters of young and older laying hens in response to dietary folic acid supplementation and challenge with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Poult Sci 2014;93:122-31. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2013-03384
  12. Feng D, Zhou Y, Xia M, Ma J. Folic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages by suppressing MAPKs and NF-kB activation. Inflamm Res 2011;60:817-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-011-0337-2
  13. Chamruspollert M, Pesti GM, Bakalli RI. Determination of the methionine requirement of male and female broiler chicks using an indirect amino acid oxidation method. Poult Sci 2002;81:1004-13. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.7.1004
  14. Tillman PB, Pesti GM. The response of male broiler chicks to a corn-soy diet supplemented with L-methionine, L-cystine, choline, sulfate, and vitamin B12. Poult Sci 1986;65:1741-8. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0651741
  15. Miles RD, Ruiz N, Harms RH. The interrelationship between methionine, choline, and sulfate in broiler diets. Poult Sci 1983;62:495-8. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0620495
  16. Munyaka PM, Tactacan G, Jing M, Karmin O, House JD, Rodriguez Lecompte JC. Immunomodulation in young laying hens by dietary folic acid and acute immune responses after challenge with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Poult Sci 2012;91:2454-63. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02381
  17. Munyaka PM, Tactacan G, Jing M, Karmin O, House JD. Response of older laying hens to an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge when fed diets with or without supplemental folic acid. Poult Sci 2013;92:105-13. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02579
  18. Huang SR, Hsu Y, Lin HL, Yang FL. Folate depletion and elevated plasma homocysteine promote oxidative stress in rat livers. J Nutr 2001;131:33-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.1.33
  19. Joshi R, Adhikari S, Patro BS, Chattopadhyay S, Mukherjee T. Free radical scavenging behavior of folic acid: evidence for possible antioxidant activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2001;30:1390-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00543-3
  20. Kshirsagar SS, Bhalekar SM, Gopale DK, Shirishkumar DA. Development and validation of new UV- Spectroscopic method for water soluble folic acid. Inter J Chem Concepts 2017;3:364-70.
  21. Kirkbright GF, Marshall M. Direct determination of sulfur by atomic absorption spectrometry in a nitrogen separated nitorus oxide-acetylene flame. Anal Chem 1972;44:1288-90. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60315a041
  22. Placer ZA, Cushman LL, Johnson BC. Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biochemical systems. Annals Biochem 1966;16:359-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(66)90167-9
  23. Berg Meye HU. Catalase. In: Berg Meyer HU, editor. Methods of enzymatic analysis. Weinheim, Germany: Verlag Chemie; 1983. Vol 2. pp. 165-6.
  24. Paglia DE, Valantine WN. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 1967;70:158-69. https://doi.org/10.5555/uri:pii:0022214367900765
  25. Bounous DI, Campagnoli RP, Brown J. Comparison of MTT colorimetric assay and tritiated thymidine uptake for lymphocyte proliferation assays using chicken splenocytes. Avian Dis 1992;36:1022-7. https://doi.org/10.2307/1591566
  26. Reynolds DL, Maraqa AD. Protective immunity against Newcastle disease: the role of antibodies specific to Newcastle disease virus polypeptides. Avian Dis 2000;44:138-44. https://doi.org/10.2307/1592517
  27. Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Prakash B, Paul SS, Nagalakshmi D. Effect of methyl donors supplementation on performance, immune responses and anti-oxidant variables in broiler chicken fed diet without supplemental methionine. Anim Biosci 2022;35:475-83. https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.20.0812
  28. Harms RH, Miles RD. Effects of supplemental methionine and potassium sulfate on the choline requirement of the turkey poult. Poult Sci 1984;63:1464-6. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0631464
  29. Martin WG, Miraglia RJ, Spaeth DG, Patrick H. Synthesis of taurine from sulfate by the chick. Proc Social Exper Biolog Med 1966;122:841-4. https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-122-31265
  30. Pesti GM, Rowland GN, Ryu KS. Folate deficiency in chicks fed diets containing practical ingredients. Poult Sci 1991;70:600-4. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0700600
  31. Gursu MF, Onderci M, Gulcu F, Sahin K. Effects of vitamin C and folic acid supplementation on serum paraoxonase activity and metabolites induced by heat stress in vivo. Nutr Res 2004;24:157-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2003.11.008
  32. El-Demerdash F, Yousef M, Elaswad F. Biochemical study on the protective role of folic acid in rabbits treated with chromium (VI). J Environ Sci Health B 2006;41:731-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601230600704282
  33. Ryu KS, Pesti GM, Roberson KD, Edwards Jr, HM, Eitenmiller RR. The folic acid requirements of starting broiler chicks fed diets based on practical ingredients. 2. Interrelationships with dietary methionine. Poult Sci 1995;74:1456-62. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0741456
  34. Ryu KS, Roberson KD, Pesti GM, Eitenmiller RR. The folic acid requirements of starting broiler chicks fed diets based on practical ingredients. 1. Interrelationships with dietary choline. Poult Sci 1995;74:1447-55. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0741447
  35. Schutte JB, De Jong J, Smink W, Pack M. Replacement value of betaine for DL-methionine in male broiler chicks. Poult Sci 1997;76:321-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.2.321
  36. Rostagno HS, Pack M. Can betaine replace supplemental DL-methionine in broiler diets? J Appl Poult Res 1996;5:150-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/5.2.150
  37. Ross E, Damron BL, Harms RH. The requirement for inorganic sulfate in the diet of chicks for optimum growth and feed efficiency. Poult Sci 1972;51:1606-12. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0511606
  38. Sahin K, Onderci M, Sahin N, Gursu MF, Kucuk O. Dietary vitamin c and folic acid supplementation ameliorates the detrimental effects of heat stress in Japanese quail. J Nutr 2003;133:1882-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.6.1882
  39. Field CJ, Van Aerde A, Drager KL, Goruk S, Basu T. Dietary folate improves age-related decreases in lymphocyte function. J Nutr Biochem 2006;17:37-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.04.010
  40. Troen AM, Mitchell B, Sorensen B, et al. Unmetabolized folic acid in plasma is associated with reduced natural killer cell cytotoxicity among postmenopausal women. J Nutr 2006;136:189-94. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.1.189
  41. Wintergerst ES, Maggini S, Hornig DH. Contribution of selected vitamins and trace elements to immune function. Ann Nutr Metab 2007;51:301-23. https://doi.org/10.1159/000107673
  42. Wang G, Dai J, Mao J, Zeng X, Yang X, Wang X. Folic acid reverses hyper-responsiveness of LPS-induced chemokine secretion from monocytes in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. Atherosclerosis 2005;179:395-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.10.033