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Deep Neural Network를 활용한 초미세먼지 농도 예측에 관한 연구

A Study on Prediction of PM2.5 Concentration Using DNN

  • 최인호 (경희대학교 환경학 및 환경공학과) ;
  • 이원영 (경희대학교 환경학 및 환경공학과) ;
  • 은범진 (경희대학교 환경학 및 환경공학과) ;
  • 허정숙 (경희대학교 환경학 및 환경공학과) ;
  • 장광현 (경희대학교 환경학 및 환경공학과) ;
  • 오종민 (경희대학교 환경학 및 환경공학과)
  • Choi, Inho (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Lee, Wonyoung (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Eun, Beomjin (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Heo, Jeongsook (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Chang, Kwang-Hyeon (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Oh, Jongmin (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University)
  • 투고 : 2022.02.11
  • 심사 : 2022.04.20
  • 발행 : 2022.04.30

초록

본 연구는 국가측정망(에어코리아)에서 제공하는 2017년, 2019년 및 2020년도 대기질확정 데이터를 이용하여 Deep Neural Network(DNN) 모델을 학습하고, 2016년과 2018년도 데이터를 이용하여 학습된 모델을 평가·검증하였다. 피어슨 상관계수 0.2를 기준으로 SO2, CO, NO2, PM10 항목을 독립변수로 하여 초기 모델링을 진행하였고, 예측의 정확도를 높이기 위한 방법으로 시계열적 요소를 반영한 월별 모델링(개선모델)을 진행하여 초기모델과 비교·분석하였다. 분석에 사용한 지표는 RMSE(Root mean square error) 방법으로 오차를 계산하였으며, 예측 결과 초기모델의 RMSE값은 5.78로 국가측정망의 예측이동 평균모델의 결과(10.77)와 비교하여 초기모델에서 약 46% 오차가 감소하였다. 또한, 개선모델의 경우, 초기모델 대비 11월 모델을 제외한 모든 월별모델에서 정확도 향상이 있었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 DNN 모델링이 PM2.5 농도 예측에 효과적인 방법임을 제안할 수 있었으며, 향후 추가적인 독립변수 선정 및 시계열 요소를 고려한 방법으로 모델의 정확도 개선 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

In this study, DNN-based models were learned using air quality determination data for 2017, 2019, and 2020 provided by the National Measurement Network (Air Korea), and this models evaluated using data from 2016 and 2018. Based on Pearson correlation coefficient 0.2, four items (SO2, CO, NO2, PM10) were initially modeled as independent variables. In order to improve the accuracy of prediction, monthly independent modeling was carried out. The error was calculated by RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) method, and the initial model of RMSE was 5.78, which was about 46% betterthan the national moving average modelresult (10.77). In addition, the performance improvement of the independent monthly model was observed in months other than November compared to the initial model. Therefore, this study confirms that DNN modeling was effective in predicting PM2.5 concentrations based on air pollutants concentrations, and that the learning performance of the model could be improved by selecting additional independent variables.

키워드

참고문헌

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