DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

노인의 노화에 대한 태도와 삶의 만족도 사이의 관계에 미치는 긍정적 신체 이미지의 매개효과

The Mediating Effect of Positive Body Image in the Association between Attitudes toward Aging and Life Satisfaction among Older Adults

  • 이민선 (건국대학교 글로컬캠퍼스 패션디자인학과) ;
  • 한기향 (건국대학교 글로컬캠퍼스 패션디자인학과)
  • Minsun Lee (Dept. of Fashion Design, Konkuk University Glocal Campus) ;
  • Ki Hyang Han (Dept. of Fashion Design, Konkuk University Glocal Campus)
  • 투고 : 2022.06.21
  • 심사 : 2022.09.06
  • 발행 : 2022.12.31

초록

In societies emphasizing the importance of youthful appearance, attitudes toward aging are closely related to how individuals perceive their own bodies, which can be a major determinant of psychological well-being among older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between attitudes toward aging, positive body image, and life satisfaction among older Korean adults, based on relative deprivation theory and social identity theory. Employing an online survey questionnaire, data was collected from 408 Korean aged 65 and over. The proposed research model was examined via partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results revealed that higher levels of psychosocial loss were associated with lower positive body image, while higher levels of physical change and psychological growth - a good example were associated with higher positive body image. Higher levels of positive body image were associated with higher life satisfaction. Overall, positive attitudes toward aging may increase positive body image and life satisfaction among older adults, controlling for subjective financial and health status. The results of this study emphasize that we should not overlook the importance of positive body image in psychological well-being among older adults.

키워드

과제정보

본 논문은 2022년도 건국대학교 KU학술연구비 지원에 의한 결과임.

참고문헌

  1. Allan, L. J., & Johnson, J. A. (2008). Undergraduate attitudes toward the elderly: The role of knowledge, contact and aging anxiety. Educational Gerontology, 35(1), 1-14. doi:10.1080/03601270802299780
  2. An, S., Lee, H., & Chung, S. (2021). Social perceptions and attitudes toward the elderly shared online: Focusing on social big data analysis. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society, 41(4), 505-525. doi:10.31888/JKGS.2021.41.4.505
  3. Antonucci, T. C., Blieszner, R., & Denmark, F. L. (2010). Psychological perspectives on older women. In H. Landrine, & N. F. Russo (Eds.), Handbook of diversity in feminist psychology (pp. 233-257). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
  4. Avalos, L., Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. (2005). The Body Appreciation Scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 2(3), 285-297. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.06.002
  5. Bellani, L., & D'Ambrosio, C. (2011). Deprivation, social exclusion and subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 104(1), 67-86. doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9718-0
  6. Bergman, Y. S. (2022). Ageism and psychological distress in older adults: The moderating role of self-esteem and body image. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 41(3), 836-841. doi:10.1177/07334648211009658
  7. Bryant, C., Bei, B., Gilson, K., Komiti, A., Jackson, H., & Judd, F. (2012). The relationship between attitudes to aging and physical and mental health in older adults. International Psychogeriatrics, 24(10), 1674-1683. doi:10.1017/S1041610212000774
  8. Bugental, D. B., & Hehman, J. A. (2007). Ageism: A review of research and policy implications. Social Issues and Policy Review, 1(1), 173-216. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2007.00007.x
  9. Calasanti, T. (2005). Ageism, gravity, and gender: Experiences of aging bodies. Generations, 29(3), 8-12.
  10. Cameron, E., Ward, P., Mandville-Anstey, S. A., & Coombs, A. (2019). The female aging body: A systematic review of female perspectives on aging, health, and body image. Journal of Women & Aging, 31(1), 3-17. doi:10.1080/08952841.2018.1449586
  11. Choi, H. K., & Lee, S. H. (2021). The impact of older adults' health status on their life satisfaction: Mediating and moderating effect of attitude toward one's own aging. Journal of Social Science, 32(1), 309-327. doi:10.16881/jss.2021.01.32.1.309
  12. Crosby, F. (1976). A model of egoistical relative deprivation. Psychological Review, 83(2), 85-113. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.83.2.85
  13. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  14. Gendron, T. L., Inker, J., & Welleford, E. A. (2018). A theory of relational ageism: A discourse analysis of the 2015 White House Conference on Aging. The Gerontologist, 58(2), 242-250. doi:10.1093/geront/gnw155
  15. Greitemeyer, T., & Sagioglou, C. (2019). The impact of personal relative deprivation on aggression over time. The Journal of Social Psychology, 159(6), 664-675. doi:10.1080/00224545.2018.1549013
  16. Hair, J. F. Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson Education.
  17. Hair, J. F. Jr., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  18. Halliwell, E., & Dittmar, H. (2003). A qualitative investigation of women's and men's body image concerns and their attitudes toward aging. Sex Roles, 49(11-12), 675-684. doi:10.1023/B:SERS.0000003137.71080.97
  19. Han, S.-J., & Kim, H.-S. (2015). Influences on the aging anxiety of university students. Journal of the Korea Academia- Industrial cooperation Society, 16(2), 1164-1174. doi:10.5762/KAIS.2015.16.2.1164
  20. Hogg, M. A., Terry, D. J., & White, K. M. (1995). A tale of two theories: A critical comparison of identity theory with social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58(4), 255-269. doi:10.2307/2787127
  21. Inoue, Y., Howard, A. G., Yazawa, A., Kondo, N., & GordonLarsen, P. (2019). Relative deprivation of assets defined at multiple geographic scales, perceived stress and self-rated health in China. Health & Place, 58:102117. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.04.007
  22. Jackson, L. A. (2002). Physical attractiveness: A sociocultural perspective. In T. F. Cash, & T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice (pp. 13-21). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  23. Kawakami, K., & Dion, K. L. (1995). Social identity and affect as determinants of collective action: Toward an integration of relative deprivation and social identity theories. Theory & Psychology, 5(4), 551-577. doi:10.1177/0959354395054005
  24. Kim, E.-K., & Ha, K.-S. (2013). The effects of social participation and social support on quality of life of the elderly. The Journal of Digital Policy & Management, 11(12), 811-820. doi:10.14400/JDPM.2013.11.12.811
  25. Kim, H.-C. (2019). Depression as a mediator in the relation between the socioeconomic deprivation life satisfaction in older adults. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 19(2), 231-247. doi:10.5392/JKCA.2019.19.02.231
  26. Kim, H.-S., & Park, S.-M. (2006). The effect of the perceived legitimacy and stability of group status and the group identity on the perception of discrimination. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 20(4), 71-95.
  27. Kim, J.-H., & Park, J.-Y. (2015). The influence of anxiety over aging of the elderly group on successful aging and the mediation effect of social support. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 15(9), 210-222. doi:10.5392/JKCA.2015.15.09.210
  28. Kim, K.-m., & Hahn, Y.-s. (2008). Gender social identity, relative deprivation and collective action of Korean women. The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, 13(4), 453-477. doi:10.18205/kpa.2008.13.4.004
  29. Kim, S. (2020). The relationship of ageism, leisure-time utilization, and feelings of loneliness among older adults living in metropolitan areas. Health and Social Welfare Review, 40(4), 211-244. doi:10.15709/hswr.2020.40.4.211
  30. Kim, S.-y., Heo, S.-h., & Chang, S.-j. (2018). The effects of socioeconomic deprivation on health status in the elderly: Focusing on the mediating role of depression. Health and Social Welfare Review, 38(1), 88-124. doi:10.15709/hswr.2018.38.1.88
  31. Kong, F., & You, X. (2013). Loneliness and self-esteem as mediators between social support and life satisfaction in late adolescence. Social Indicators Research, 110(1), 271-279. doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9930-6
  32. Kozar, J. M., & Damhorst, M. L. (2009). Comparison of the ideal and real body as women age: Relationships to age identity, body satisfaction and importance, and attention to models in advertising. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 27(3), 197-210. doi:10.1177/0887302X08326351
  33. Kunst, J. R., & Obaidi, M. (2020). Understanding violent extremism in the 21st century: the (re)emerging role of relative deprivation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 35, 55-59. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.03.010
  34. Laidlaw, K., Kishita, N., Shenkin, S. D., & Power, M. J. (2018). Development of a short form of the Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ). International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33(1), 113-121. doi:10.1002/gps.4687
  35. Laidlaw, K., Power, M. J., Schmidt, S., & the WHOQOL-OLD Group. (2007). The Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ): development and psychometric properties. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(4), 367-379. doi:10.1002/gps.1683
  36. Lee, S. (2021). A comparative study of quality of life in the elderly care recipient between formal care and informal care. Korean Journal of Social Welfare, 73(4), 87-111. doi:10.20970/kasw.2021.73.4.004
  37. Levy, B. (2009). Stereotype embodiment: A psychological approach to aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(6), 332-336. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01662.x
  38. Levy, B. R., Slade, M. D., Kunkel, S. R., & Kasl, S. V. (2002). Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(2), 261-270. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.83.2.261
  39. Lim, W. G. (2020). The effect of social exclusion on the satisfaction of older people's life: The mediated effect of leisure activities. Korean Journal of Educational Gerontology, 6(2), 27-51. doi:10.31748/KSEG.2020.6.2.27
  40. Marquet, M., Chasteen, A. L., Plaks, J. E., & Balasubramaniam, L. (2019). Understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of negative age stereotypes and perceived age discrimination on older adults' well-being. Aging & Mental Health, 23(12), 1666-1673. doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1514487
  41. Meneses, L., Torres, S., Miller, K. M., & Barbosa, M. R. (2019). Extending the use of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 in older adults: A Portuguese validation study. Body Image, 29, 74-81. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.02.011
  42. Misra, R., Alexy, B., & Panigrahi, B. (1996). The relationships among self-esteem, exercise, and self-rated health in older women. Journal of Women & Aging, 8(1), 81-94. doi:10.1300/J074v08n01_09
  43. Moser, C., Spagnoli, J., & Santos-Eggimann, B. (2011). Selfperception of aging and vulnerability to adverse outcomes at the age of 65-70 years. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66B(6), 675-680. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr052
  44. Noh, J. H. (2018). What are needed for satisfied life of the elderly?: Focusing on wealth, health and economic activities. GRI Review, 20(2), 287-317.
  45. Phelan, E. A., Anderson, L. A., LaCroix, A. Z., & Larson, E. B. (2004). Older adults' views of "successful aging"-How do they compare with researchers' definitions? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(2), 211-216. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52056.x
  46. Reboussin, B. A., Rejeski, W. J., Martin, K. A., Callahan, K., Dunn, A. L., King, A. C., & Sallis, J. F. (2000). Correlates of satisfaction with body function and body appearance in middle- and older aged adults: The activity counseling trial (ACT). Psychology & Health, 15(2), 239-254. doi:10.1080/08870440008400304
  47. Runciman, W. G. (1966). Relative deprivation and social justice: A study of attitudes to social inequality in twentieth-century England. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  48. Sabik, N. J. (2015). Ageism and body esteem: Associations with psychological well-being among late middle-aged African American and European American women. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70(2), 189-199. doi:10.1093/geronb/ gbt080
  49. Sabik, N. J., & Cole, E. R. (2017). Growing older and staying positive: Associations between diverse aging women's perceptions of age and body satisfaction. Journal of Adult Development, 24(3), 177-188. doi:10.1007/s10804-016-9256-3
  50. Sanchez-Cabrero, R., Carranza-Herrezuelo, N., Novillo-Lopez, M. A., & Pericacho-Gomez, F. J. (2020). The importance of physical appearance during the ageing process in Spain. Interrelation between body and life satisfaction during maturity and the old age. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 44(3), 210-224. doi:10.1080/01924788.2019.1651187
  51. Smith, H. J., Pettigrew, T. F., Pippin, G. M., & Bialosiewicz, S. (2012). Relative deprivation: A theoretical and meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(3), 203-232. doi:10.1177/1088868311430825
  52. Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2000). Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(3), 224-237. doi:10.2307/2695870
  53. Swift, H. J., & Chasteen, A. L. (2021). Ageism in the time of COVID-19. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(2), 246-252. doi:10.1177/1368430220983452
  54. Tajfel, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behaviour. Social Science Information, 13(2), 65-93. doi:10.1177/053901847401300204
  55. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
  56. Taylor, M. C. (2002). Fraternal deprivation, collective threat, and racial resentment: Perspectives on White racism. In I. Walker, & H. J. Smith (Eds.), Relative deprivation: Specification, development, and integration (pp. 13-43). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511527753.002
  57. Tiggemann, M., & McCourt, A. (2013). Body appreciation in adult women: Relationships with age and body satisfaction. Body Image, 10(4), 624-627. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.07.003
  58. Tougas, F., Lagace, M., De La Sablonniere, R., & Kocum, L. (2004). A new approach to the link between identity and relative deprivation in the perspective of ageism and retirement. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 59(1), 1-23. doi:10.2190/3WTN-63QQ-EJMGBGYA
  59. Triana, M. d. C., Trzebiatowski, T., & Byun, S.-Y. (2017). Lowering the threshold for feeling mistreated: Perceived overqualification moderates the effects of perceived age discrimination on job withdrawal and somatic symptoms. Human Resource Management, 56(6), 979-994. doi:10.1002/hrm.21812
  60. Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. L. (2015). The Body Appreciation Scale-2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 12, 53-67. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.09.006
  61. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2019). World population ageing 2019: Highlights. New York, NY: Author.
  62. Whitbourne, S. K., & Sneed, J. R. (2002). The paradox of wellbeing, identity processes, and stereotype threat: Ageism and its potential relationships to the self in later life. In T. D. Nelson (Ed.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 247-273). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
  63. Yu, H., & Lee, M. (2019a). Ageism, attitudes toward aging, and body satisfaction by subjective socioeconomic and health status among older women. Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 21(5), 586-596. doi:10.5805/SFTI.2019.21.5.586
  64. Yu, H., & Lee, M. (2019b). The effects of perceived ageism and appearance satisfaction on appearance related quality of life among Korean older women. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 43(1), 112-124. doi:10.5850/JKSCT.2019.43.1.112