DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Hydrogen Jet Structure and Measurement of Local Equivalence Ratio by LIBs under the Different Injection Pressure

분사 압력에 따른 수소 제트의 형상과 LIBs를 적용한 국부 당량비 계측

  • 이상욱 (한국과학기술원 기계기술연구소) ;
  • 김정호 (한국과학기술원 기계공학과) ;
  • 배충식 (한국과학기술원 기계공학과)
  • Received : 2022.06.07
  • Accepted : 2022.06.18
  • Published : 2022.06.30

Abstract

To implement carbon-neutrality in transportation sectors until 2050, hydrogen is considered a promising fuel for internal combustion engines because hydrogen does not contain carbon itself. Although hydrogen does not emit CO2 emission from its combustion process, the low energy density in a volume unit hinders the adoption of hydrogen. Therefore, the understanding of hydrogen jet behavior and measurement of equivalence ratio must be conducted to completely implement the high-pressure hydrogen direct injection. The main objective of this research is feasibility test of hydrogen local equivalence ratio measurement by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBs). To visualize the macroscopic structure of hydrogen jet, high-speed schlieren imaging was conducted. Moreover, LIBs has been adopted to validate the feasibility of hydrogen local equivalence ratio measurement. The hydrogen injection pressure was varied from 4 MPa to 8 MPa and injected in a constant volume chamber where the ambient pressure was 0.5 MPa. The increased injection pressure extends the vertical penetration of hydrogen jet. Due to the higher momentum supply when the injection pressure is high, the hydrogen has easily diffused in all directions. As the laser trigger timing has delayed, the low hydrogen atomic emission was detected due to the longer mixture formation time. Based on equivalence ratio measurement results, LIBs could be applied as a methodology for hydrogen local equivalence ratio measurement.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 성과는 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2021R1A2C2008711).

References

  1. IEA "The role of CCUS in low-carbon power systems", 2020, pp. 34~35.
  2. U.S. EIA, "Annual Energy Outlook 2022 - with projection to 2050", 2022, pp. 10~11.
  3. 박현욱, 이준순, 오승묵, 김창업, 이용규, 강건용, "스파크점화 엔진에서 천연가스와 수소의 희박연소 성능비교," 한국분무공학회지 Vol. 26, No. 4, 2021, pp. 204~211.
  4. A Onorati, R. Payri, B. M. Vaglieco, A. K. Agarwal, C. Bae, G. Bruneaux, M. Canakci, M. Gavaises, M. Gunthner, C. Hasse, S. Kokjohn, S.-C. Kong, Y. Moriyoshi, R. Novella, A. Pesyridis, R. Reitz, T. Ryan, R. Wagner and H. Zhao, "The role of hydrogen for future internal combustion engines", International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 23, Issue 4, 2022, pp. 529~540. https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874221081947
  5. 김인구, 손지환, 김정화, 김정수, 이성욱, 김선문, "수소-CNG 혼소기관의 공기과잉률 변화에 따른 희박가연한계 및 배출가스 특성에 관한 연구", 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2017, pp. 174~180. https://doi.org/10.7316/KHNES.2017.28.2.174
  6. 최영, 김용래, 박철웅, 김선엽, 오세철, 김창기, "2리터급 수소엔진 역화에 미치는 인자 분석," 한국자동차공학회 지회 학술대회 논문집, 2021, pp. 49~51.
  7. Yip, Ho L., Ales Srna, Anthony C. Y. Yuen, Sanghoon Kook, Robert A. Taylor, Guan H. Yeoh, Paul R. Medwell and Qing N. Chan, "A Review of Hydrogen Direct Injection for Internal Combustion Engines: Towards Carbon-Free Combustion", Applied Sciences 9, No. 22, p. 4842.
  8. S. Lee, G. Kim and C. Bae, "Lean combustion of stratified hydrogen in a constant volume chamber", Fuel, Vol. 301, 2021, p. 121045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121045
  9. S. Lee, G. Kim and C. Bae, "Behavior of hydrogen hollow-cone spray depending on the ambient pressure", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 46, No. 5, 2021, pp. 4538~4554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.11.001
  10. C Schulz and V. Sick, "Tracer-LIF diagnostics: quantitative measurement of fuel concentration, temperature and fuel/air ratio in practical combustion systems", Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2005, pp. 75~121 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2004.08.002
  11. H. Kojima, T. Kashiwazaki, E. Takahashi and H Furutani, "Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in a High-temperature and High-pressure Spray," In Laser Ignition Conference, 2015, pp. W3A-3.
  12. T. Shudo and S. Oba, "Mixture distribution measurement using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy in hydrogen direct injection stratified charge", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 34, No. 5, 2009, pp. 2488~2493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.01.012