Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology

The Korean Society of Clinical Neurophysiology (대한임상신경생리학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for neuropathic pain

  • Kim, Sooyoung (Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Eun Kyoung (Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital) ;
  • Sohn, Eunhee (Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital)
  • Received : 2022.08.10
  • Accepted : 2022.08.30
  • Published : 2022.10.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Noninvasive stimulation of the nervous system for treating chronic neuropathic pain has received attention because of its tolerability and relative efficacy. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a representative method of noninvasive brain stimulation. Evidence-based guidelines on therapeutic use of rTMS have been proposed recently for several neurological diseases. These guidelines recommend treating neuropathic pain by applying high-frequency (≥ 5 Hz) rTMS to the primary motor cortex contralateral to the painful side. This review summarizes the mechanisms and guidelines of rTMS for treating neuropathic pain, and proposes directions for future research.

Keywords

References

  1. Finnerup NB, Haroutounian S, Kamerman P, Baron R, Bennett DLH, Bouhassira D, et al. Neuropathic pain: an updated grading system for research and clinical practice. Pain 2016;157:1599-1606. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000492
  2. Hansson PT, Attal N, Baron R, Cruccu G. Toward a definition of pharmacoresistant neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain 2009;13:439-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.02.008
  3. Finnerup NB, Attal N, Haroutounian S, McNicol E, Baron R, Dworkin RH, et al. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2015;14:162-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70251-0
  4. Bates D, Schultheis BC, Hanes MC, Jolly SM, Chakravarthy KV, Deer TR, et al. A comprehensive algorithm for management of neuropathic pain. Pain Med 2019;20(Suppl 1):S2-S12.
  5. Moisset X, Bouhassira D, Avez Couturier J, Alchaar H, Conradi S, Delmotte MH, et al. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for neuropathic pain: systematic review and French recommendations. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020;176:325-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2020.01.361
  6. Kobayashi M, Pascual-Leone A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology. Lancet Neurol 2003;2:145-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(03)00321-1
  7. Lefaucheur JP, Aleman A, Baeken C, Benninger DH, Brunelin J, Di Lazzaro V, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): an update (2014-2018). Clin Neurophysiol 2020;131:474-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.002
  8. Eldaief MC, Dickerson BC, Camprodon JA. Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the neurological patient: scientific principles and applications. Semin Neurol 2022;42:149-157. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742265
  9. Groppa S, Oliviero A, Eisen A, Quartarone A, Cohen LG, Mall V, et al. A practical guide to diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation: report of an IFCN committee. Clin Neurophysiol 2012;123:858-882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2012.01.010
  10. Huang YZ, Chen RS, Rothwell JC, Wen HY. The after-effect of human theta burst stimulation is NMDA receptor dependent. Clin Neurophysiol 2007;118:1028-1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2007.01.021
  11. Huang YZ, Sommer M, Thickbroom G, Hamada M, Pascual-Leonne A, Paulus W, et al. Consensus: new methodologies for brain stimulation. Brain Stimul 2009;2:2-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2008.09.007
  12. Frot M, Magnin M, Mauguiere F, Garcia-Larrea L. Cortical representation of pain in primary sensory-motor areas (S1/M1)--a study using intracortical recordings in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2013;34:2655-2668. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22097
  13. Pagano RL, Fonoff ET, Dale CS, Ballester G, Teixeira MJ, Britto LRG. Motor cortex stimulation inhibits thalamic sensory neurons and enhances activity of PAG neurons: possible pathways for antinociception. Pain 2012;153:2359-2369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2012.08.002
  14. Ramos-Fresnedo A, Perez-Vega C, Domingo RA, Cheshire WP, Middlebrooks EH, Grewal SS. Motor cortex stimulation for pain: a narrative review of indications, techniques, and outcomes. Neuromodulation 2022;25:211-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurom.2021.10.025
  15. Maarrawi J, Peyron R, Mertens P, Costes N, Magnin M, Sindou M, et al. Motor cortex stimulation for pain control induces changes in the endogenous opioid system. Neurology 2007;69:827-834. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000269783.86997.37
  16. Lamusuo S, Hirvonen J, Lindholm P, Martikainen IK, Hagelberg N, Parkkola R, et al. Neurotransmitters behind pain relief with transcranial magnetic stimulation-positron emission tomography evidence for release of endogenous opioids. Eur J Pain 2017;21:1505-1515. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1052
  17. Lefaucheur JP, Andre-Obadia N, Antal A, Ayache SS, Baeken C, Benninger DH, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Clin Neurophysiol 2014;125:2150-2206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2014.05.021
  18. Tsubokawa T, Katayama Y, Yamamoto T, Hirayama T, Koyama S. Chronic motor cortex stimulation for the treatment of central pain. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1991;52:137-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9160-6_37
  19. Andre-Obadia N, Magnin M, Simon E, Garcia-Larrea L. Somatotopic effects of rTMS in neuropathic pain? A comparison between stimulation over hand and face motor areas. Eur J Pain 2018;22:707-715. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1156
  20. Ayache SS, Ahdab R, Chalah MA, Farhat WH, Mylius V, Goujon C, et al. Analgesic effects of navigated motor cortex rTMS in patients with chronic neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain 2016;20:1413-1422. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.864
  21. Attal N, Poindessous-Jazat F, De Chauvigny E, Quesada C, Mhalla A, Ayache SS, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for neuropathic pain: a randomized multicentre sham-controlled trial. Brain 2021;144:3328-3339. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab208
  22. Lindholm P, Lamusuo S, Taiminen T, Virtanen A, Pertovaara A, Forssell H, et al. The analgesic effect of therapeutic rTMS is not mediated or predicted by comorbid psychiatric or sleep disorders. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95:e5231. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005231
  23. Lindholm P, Lamusuo S, Taiminen T, Pesonen U, Lahti A, Virtanen A, et al. Right secondary somatosensory cortex-a promising novel target for the treatment of drug-resistant neuropathic orofacial pain with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Pain 2015;156:1276-1283. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000175
  24. Lenoir C, Algoet M, Mouraux A. Deep continuous theta burst stimulation of the operculo-insular cortex selectively affects Aδ-fibre heat pain. J Physiol 2018;596:4767-4787. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP276359
  25. D'Agata F, Cicerale A, Mingolla A, Caroppo P, Orsi L, Mortara P, et al. Double-cone coil TMS stimulation of the medial cortex inhibits central pain habituation. PLoS One 2015;10:e0128765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128765
  26. Pommier B, Creac'h C, Beauvieux V, Nuti C, Vassal F, Peyron R. Robot-guided neuronavigated rTMS as an alternative therapy for central (neuropathic) pain: clinical experience and long-term follow-up. Eur J Pain 2016;20:907-916. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.815
  27. Quesada C, Pommier B, Fauchon C, Bradley C, Creac'h C, Vassal F, et al. Robot-guided neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in central neuropathic pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018;99:2203-2215.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.04.013
  28. Fernandes AM, Graven-Nielsen T, de Andrade DC. New updates on transcranial magnetic stimulation in chronic pain. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2022;16:65-70. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPC.0000000000000591
  29. Alonso-Matielo H, Goncalves ES, Campos M, Oliveira VRS, Toniolo EF, Alves AS, et al. Electrical stimulation of the posterior insula induces mechanical analgesia in a rodent model of neuropathic pain by modulating GABAergic signaling and activity in the pain circuitry. Brain Res 2021;1754:147237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147237
  30. Dimov LF, Toniolo EF, Alonso-Matielo H, de Andrade DC, Garcia-Larrea L, Ballester G, et al. Electrical stimulation of the insular cortex as a novel target for the relief of refractory pain: an experimental approach in rodents. Behav Brain Res 2018;346:86-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.036
  31. Annak O, Heidegger T, Walter C, Deichmann R, Noth U, Hansen-Goos O, et al. Effects of continuous theta-burst stimulation of the primary motor and secondary somatosensory areas on the central processing and the perception of trigeminal nociceptive input in healthy volunteers. Pain 2019;160:172-186. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001393
  32. Moisset X, Goudeau S, Poindessous-Jazat F, Baudic S, Clavelou P, Bouhassira D. Prolonged continuous theta-burst stimulation is more analgesic than 'classical' high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Stimul 2015;8:135-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2014.10.006
  33. Andre-Obadia N, Peyron R, Mertens P, Mauguiere F, Laurent B, Garcia-Larrea L. Transcranial magnetic stimulation for pain control. Double-blind study of different frequencies against placebo, and correlation with motor cortex stimulation efficacy. Clin Neurophysiol 2006;117:1536-1544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.03.025
  34. Andre-Obadia N, Mertens P, Lelekov-Boissard T, Afif A, Magnin M, Garcia-Larrea L. Is life better after motor cortex stimulation for pain control? Results at long-term and their prediction by preoperative rTMS. Pain Physician 2014;17:53-62.
  35. Attal N, Ayache SS, Ciampi De Andrade D, Mhalla A, Baudic S, Jazat F, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct-current stimulation in neuropathic pain due to radiculopathy: a randomized sham-controlled comparative study. Pain 2016;157:1224-1231. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000510
  36. Khedr EM, Kotb HI, Mostafa MG, Mohamad MF, Amr SA, Ahmed MA, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in neuropathic pain secondary to malignancy: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Pain 2015;19:519-527. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.576
  37. Lefaucheur JP, Menard-Lefaucheur I, Goujon C, Keravel Y, Nguyen JP. Predictive value of rTMS in the identification of responders to epidural motor cortex stimulation therapy for pain. J Pain 2011;12:1102-1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2011.05.004
  38. Mori N, Hosomi K, Nishi A, Oshino S, Kishima H, Saitoh Y. Analgesic effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at different stimulus parameters for neuropathic pain: a randomized study. Neuromodulation 2022;25:520-527. https://doi.org/10.1111/ner.13328
  39. Ma SM, Ni JX, Li XY, Yang LQ, Guo YN, Tang YZ. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces pain in postherpetic neuralgia. Pain Med 2015;16:2162-2170. https://doi.org/10.1111/pme.12832
  40. Nurmikko T, MacIver K, Bresnahan R, Hird E, Nelson A, Sacco P. Motor cortex reorganization and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for pain-a methodological study. Neuromodulation 2016;19:669-678. https://doi.org/10.1111/ner.12444