Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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The non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng ameliorates sarcopenia by regulating immune homeostasis in 22-26-month-old C57BL/6J mice

  • Oh, Hyun-Ji (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University) ;
  • Jin, Heegu (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University) ;
  • Lee, Boo-Yong (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University)
  • Received : 2022.01.05
  • Accepted : 2022.05.17
  • Published : 2022.11.01
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Abstract

Background: The non-saponin fraction (NSF) of Korean Red Ginseng is a powder in which saponin is eliminated from red ginseng concentrate by fractionation. In this study, we examined the effect of NSF on age-associated sarcopenia in old mice. Methods: NSF (50 or 200 mg/kg/day) was administered orally daily to young (3-6-month-old) and old (20-24-month-old) C57BL/6 J mice for 6 weeks. Body weight and grip strength were assessed once a week during the oral administration period. The gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscle were excised, and the muscle fiber size was compared through hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, the effect of NSF on sarcopenia and inflammation/oxidative stress-related factors in hindlimb muscles was investigated by western blotting. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of NSF on immune homeostasis. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture, and the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and glutathione were evaluated. Results: NSF significantly alleviated muscle strength, mass, and also fiber size in old mice. Age-associated impairment of immune homeostasis was recovered by NSF through retaining CD11b+F4/80+ macrophages and regulating inflammatory biomarkers. NSF also decreased the age-induced expression of oxidative stress factors. Taken together, NSF showed the effect of improving sarcopenia by inhibiting low-grade chronic inflammatory/oxidative stress factors. Conclusion: NSF exhibited anti-sarcopenia effects by regulating chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in old mice. Thus, we suggest that NSF is a promising restorative agent that can be used to improve sarcopenia in the elderly as well as maintain immune homeostasis.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was partially supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2021R1A2C2006180), and by a grant from the Korean Society of Ginseng, funded by the Korean Ginseng Corporation.

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