DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Measurement of K0 and K'0 during loading and unloading of loose sand

  • Shay, Nachum (Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology) ;
  • Mark, Talesnick (Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology) ;
  • Sam, Frydman (Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology)
  • 투고 : 2022.01.05
  • 심사 : 2022.12.24
  • 발행 : 2023.01.10

초록

The coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest in loose sand during virgin loading, K0 , and during unloading, K'0 , have been determined from laterally confined load-unload tests. The tests included measurement of lateral pressure with null pressure gauges, side wall friction with newly designed friction meters and applied pressure and base pressure with load cells. The importance of accounting for side-wall friction when evaluating the distribution of vertical pressure over the height of the soil specimen was demonstrated. Relatively uniform friction was observed during loading, but this was not the case during unloading unless friction reduction measures were employed. While the measured value of K0 was found to be close to, if slightly higher than the value commonly estimated on the basis of friction angle, φ', the ratio of K'0 to K0 was found to reasonably fit an expression of the form K'0/K0 = 1 + C·log(OCR), with C equal to 1 in the present tests.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. ASTM (2000), Standard test methods for minimum index density and unit weight of soils and calculation of relative density. ASTM D-4254-00. West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  2. ASTM (2017), Standard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes (Unified Soil Classification System). ASTM D2487-17. West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  3. Boulfoul, K., Hammoud, F. and Abbeche, K. (2020), "Numerical study on the optimal position of a pile for stabilization purpose of a slope", Geomech. Eng., 21(5), 401-411. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.21.5.401.
  4. CGS (2006), (Canadian Geotechnical Society), Canadian foundation engineering manual, 4th Ed., Richmond, BC, Canada.
  5. Dehghanbanadaki, A., Motamedi, S. and Kamarudin, A. (2020), "FEM-based modelling of stabilized fibrous peat by endbearing cement deep mixing columns", Geomech. Eng., 20(1), 75-86. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.1.075.
  6. Frydman, S. (2000), "Shear strength of Israeli soils", Isr. J. Earth Sci., 49(2), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1560/45MG-XCEX-P963-VANL
  7. Gao, Y. and Wang, Y.H. (2014), "Experimental and DEM examination of K0 in sand under different loading conditions", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 140(5). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001095.
  8. Golpasand, M.R.B., Do, N.A., Dias, D. and Nikudel, M.R. (2018), "Effect of the lateral earth pressure coefficient on settlements during mechanized tunneling", Geomech. Eng., 16(6), 643-654. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.16.6.643.
  9. Gu, X., Hu, J. and Huang, M. (2015), "K0 of granular soils: a particulate approach", Granular Matter., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-015-0588-7.
  10. Gu, X., Hu, J., Huang, M. and Yang, J. (2018), "Discrete element analysis of the K0 of granular soil and its relation to small strain shear stiffness", Int. J. Geomech. - ASCE, 18(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001102.
  11. Hossain, A.M. and Andrus, R.D. (2016), "At-rest lateral stress coefficient in sands from common field methods", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 142(12). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001560.
  12. ISI (Israel Standards Institute) (2000), Israel Standard 940, Part 1: Geotechnical design: Geotechnics and foundations for civil engineering. Tel Aviv, Israel.
  13. Jaky, J. (1944), "The coefficient of earth pressure at rest", J. Soc. Hung. Archit. Engrs., 78(22), 355-358 (in Hungarian).
  14. Mansouri, H. and Asghari-Kaljahi, E. (2019), "Two dimensional finite element modeling of Tabriz metro underground station L2-S17 in the marly layers", Geomech. Eng., 19(4), 315-327. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.19.4.315.
  15. Mayne, P.W. and Kulhawy, F.H. (1982), "K0-OCR relationships in soil", J. Geotech. Div. - ASCE, 108(6), 851-872. https://doi.org/10.1061/AJGEB6.0001306
  16. Michalowski, R.L. (2005), "Coefficient of earth pressure at rest", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(11), 1429-1433. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:11(1429)
  17. Schmidt, B. (1966), Discussion of 'Earth pressures at rest related to stress history' (Brooker & Ireland, 1965), Can. Geotech. J., 3(4), 239-242. https://doi.org/10.1139/t66-028
  18. Talesnick, M. (2005), "Measuring soil contact pressure on a solid boundary and quantifying soil arching", Geotech. Test. J. ASTM, 28(2), 171-179. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ12484
  19. Talesnick, M. (2012), "A different approach and result to the measurement of K0 of granular soils", Geotechnique, 62(11), 1041-1045. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.11.P.009.
  20. Talesnick, M., Ringel, M. and Avraham, R. (2014), "Measurement of contact soil pressure in physical modeling of soil-structure interaction", Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech., 14(1), 3-12, https://doi.org/10.1680/ijpmg.13.00008.
  21. Talesnick, M. and Frydman, S. (2019), "Pathology of a research error: Coefficient of earth pressure at-rest for cohesionless soils", Proceedings of the 72nd Annual Conference of the Canadian Geotechnical Society, GeoSt.John's 2019, St John's NFLD, Canada, October.
  22. Talesnick, M. and Ringel, M. (2020), "Development of a soil boundary friction meter: application to scale model testing", Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech., 22(1), 26-37. https://doi-org/10.1680/jphmg.20.00019.
  23. Talesnick, M., Nachum, S. and Frydman, S. (2020), " K0 determination using improved experimental technique", Geotechnique, https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.19.P.019.
  24. Talesnick, M. and Bolton, M.D. (2020), "Effect of structural boundaries and stress history on at-rest soil pressure of sand", Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech., 21(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.19.00049.
  25. Tognon, A.R., Rowe, R.K. and Brachman, R.W.I. (1999), "Evaluation of side wall friction for a buried pipe testing facility", Geotext. Geomembranes, 17(4), 193-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(99)00004-7.
  26. Watcharasawe, K., Jongpradist, P., Kitiyodom, P. and Matsumoto, T. (2021), "Measurement and analysis of load sharing between piles and raft in a pile foundation in clay", Geomech. Eng., 24(6), 559-572. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.24.6.559.
  27. Yazici, M.F. and Keskin, S.N. (2021), "Optimum design of multianchored Larssen type sheet pipe wall for temporary construction works", Geomech. Eng., 27(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.27.1.001.
  28. Zheng, J., Li, L. and Daviault, M. (2021), "Experimental study of the effectiveness of lubricants in reducing sidewall friction", Int. J. Geomech. - ASCE, 21(5), https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002003.