Journal of Industrial Convergence (산업융합연구)

DAEHAN Society of Industrial Management (대한산업경영학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Exploring the relationship between Transformational Leadership and Innovative Behavior: Testing the Moderated Mediation Effect of Psychological Safety

변혁적 리더십이 혁신행위에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 자기효능감의 매개효과와 심리적 안정성의 조절된 매개효과

  • Yu Wang (Department of Business Administration, Gachon University) ;
  • Xiu Jin (Department of Business Administration, Gachon University)
  • 왕위 (가천대학교 일반대학원 경영학과) ;
  • 김수 (가천대학교 경영학부)
  • Received : 2022.12.09
  • Accepted : 2023.04.20
  • Published : 2023.04.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The style of leadership and leader's competence are expected to be an important role in the rapidly changing and uncertain circumstances of the business environment. In particular, rapid change of business environment requires organizations to innovate, and appropriate innovation can have a direct impact on an organization's competitive advantage and sustainability. In this regard, this study focused on transformational leadership as a factor that improves innovative behavior. In addition, the mediating effect of self-efficacy was verified in the process of transformational leadership leading to innovative behavior. Furthermore, the moderated mediating effect of psychological safety was also verified. To verify hypotheses, this study conducted a survey on 307 public officials who work in Chinese public institutions. The result was found that transformational leadership had a positive effect on innovative behavior by mediating effect of self-efficacy. However, contrary to the expectations of this study, the moderated mediation effect of psychological safety was found to be insignificant. The moderating effect of psychological safety showed an insignificant effect. It showed showed the different results from previous studies. In relation to these results, theoretical and practical implications were presented in this study. Overall, this study presented a plan to increase innovative behavior and verified the research model. In addition, the directions of future research for innovative behavior were presented.

리더십 유형과 리더가 지닌 역량은 경영환경의 급속한 변화와 불확실한 상황에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 특히 급속한 변화로 인해 조직 혁신의 중요성이 날로 강조되고 있는 실정이며 적절한 혁신은 조직의 경쟁우위와 지속가능성에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구는 구성원의 혁신행동을 향상시킬 수 있는 요소로 변혁적 리더십에 초점을 맞추었다. 또한 변혁적 리더십이 혁신행동을 이끌어 내는 과정에서 자기효능감의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 더 나아가 심리적 안정성의 조절된 매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 검증하기 위해 본 연구는 중국 공공기관에 종사하는 공무원 307명을 대상으로 설문을 진행하였으며 수집된 데이터를 실증분석에 활용하였다. 연구 결과에서 변혁적 리더십은 공무원들의 자기효능감을 매개로 혁신행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 본 연구의 예상과 다르게 심리적 안정성의 조절된 매개효과는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 심리적 안정성의 유의하지 않은 조절효과는 선행연구와의 다른 결과를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 본 연구에서 이론적 시사점과 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다. 총체적으로 본 연구는 혁신행위를 증가시키는 방안을 제시하고 이에 관련된 연구모형을 검증하였으며 혁신행위에 대한 향후 연구 방향을 제시하는데 연구의 의의와 목적을 두었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Sun, L. P. (2020). "Relations", Social Relations And Social Structure. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. 5, 20-30. DOI : 10.19934/j.cnki.shxyj.1996.05.003
  2. Zhang, De (2019). Organizational behavior. Tsinghua University Press. DOI : 10.15924/j.cnki.1009-5128.2019.12.009
  3. Jin, X., & Jang, E. (2022). The Influence of Ethical Leadership on Organizational members' Innovative Behavior: The Serial Multiple Mediating Effects of Trust in Leader and Voice Behavior. Journal of Digital Convergence. 20(3), 9-18. DOI : 10.14400/JDC.2022.20.3.009
  4. Park J. H., Hwan P. J. & Song Z. K. (2011). A Study on the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Innovative Behaviors of Organizational Members: The Moderating Effect of Organizational Trust and Task Conflict. Kyungsung University. 27(3), 1-33. DOI : 10.22793/indinn.2011.27.3.001
  5. Lee Y. T(2004). The Impact of Empowerment on the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Job Satisfaction. 46, 2139-2160. UCI : G704-000789.2004.17.5.009
  6. Song C. S. & Dong H. L. (2021). The Effect of Transformational Leadership Characteristics on the Innovative Behavior of Follower: Focusing on the mediating effect of followership characteristics. The Society of Digital Policy & Management. 19(4), 119-131. DOI : 10.14400/JDC.2021.19.4.119
  7. Asik-Dizdar, O. & Esen, A.(2016). Sensemaking at work: meaningful work experience for individuals and organizations. International Journal of Organizational Analysis. 24(1), 2-17. DOI : 10.1108/IJOA-12-2013-0728
  8. Ahmed, U., Majid, A. H. A. & M. L. M. (2016). Meaningful Work and Work Engagement: A Relationship Demanding Urgent Attention. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 6(8), 116-122. DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v6-i8/2264
  9. Bass, B. M., & Bass Bernard, M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond Expectations. New York: The Free Pres.
  10. Yammarino, F. J., & Bass, B. M. (1990). Transformational leadership and multiple levels of analysis. Human relations, 43(10), 975-995. DOI : 10.1177/001872679004301003
  11. Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership, New York: Harper & Row.
  12. Chen X. T.,Li Y. & Lu Y. X. (2022). Influence of Transformational Leadership on Employees' Deviant Innovation Behavior:Empirical Analysis Based on Chinese Management Context. East China Economic Management. 36(9), 45-54. DOI : 10.19629/j.cnki.34-1014/f.211101002
  13. Gang H. Y. & Ham Y. S. (2021). A Study on the Mediating Effect of Organizational Trust on the Transformational Leadership of Leaders and Innovative Behavior of Employees. The korean Association for Local Government & Administration Studies. 35(1), 159-182. https://www.earticle.net/Article/A392832
  14. Bandura, A. & Watts, R. E. (1996). Self-efficacy in Changing Societies. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 10(4).
  15. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Behaviour Change. 5(1), 37-38.
  16. Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales. Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents. 5(1), 307-337.
  17. Bandura, A. & Wessels, S. (1994). Self-efficacy. New York: Academic Press. 4, 71-81.
  18. Li K. L. & Jung K. M. (2020). The Effects of Transformational Leadership and Self-Efficacy on Innovative Work Behavior in China Firms : Focused on the Moderating Effect of Perceived Organizational Support. The korean Association for Local Government & Administration Studies. 17(1),27-54. DOI : 10.17092/jibr
  19. In S. H. (2020). A study on the effect of airline cabin crew members' transformational leadership on self-efficacy and knowledge sharing intention. Korea Tourism Research Association. 34(9), 191-202. DOI : 10.21298/IJTHR.2020.9.34.9.191
  20. Li S. H. & Chun C. D. (2015). The Mediating Effects of Self-efficacy on the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Job Performance. The Korea Contents Association. 15(1), 427-436. DOI : 10.5392/JKCA.2015.15.01.427
  21. Kahn, W. A.(1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of management journal. 33(4), 692-724. DOI : 10.5465/256287
  22. Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative science quarterly. 44(2), 350-383. DOI : 10.2307/2666999
  23. Edmondson, A. C., Kramer, R. M., & Cook, K. S. (2004). Psychological safety, trust, and learning in organizations: A group-level lens. Trust and distrust in organizations. 12., 239-272. DOI : 5488c5460cf268d28f08fef8
  24. Nembhard, I. M. & Edmondson, A. C. (2006). Making it safe: The effects of leader inclusiveness and professional status on psychological safety and improvement efforts in health care teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 27(7), 941-966. DOI : 10.1002/job.413
  25. Jung K. & Choi S. B. (2021). Online Leisure Activities, Psychological Safety, Social Support and Work Happiness : A Moderated Mediation Model. The Korean Academic Association of Business Administration. 34(8), 371-390. DOI:10.18032/kaaba.2021.34.8.1371
  26. Choi S. B. (2019). The Effects of Supportive Leadership on Employees' Creative Performance via Risk-taking Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model. Korean Association Of Business Education. 34(6), 295-314. DOI : 10.23839/kabe.2019.34.6.295
  27. Han J. G. & Kim S. E. (2016). Leader's Use of Humor and Creativity: The Mediating Role of Psychological Safety and the Moderating Role of Openness of Experience. Daehan Academy Of Management Information Systems. 35(5), 225-249. DOI : 10.29214/damis.2016.35.5.012
  28. Yang S. P. & Kwon G. H. (2017). The Effects of Transformational Leadership on Knowledge Sharing, Innovative Behavior, and Job Performance. Academic Society of Global Business Administration. 14(6), 181-214. DOI : 10.38115/asgba.2017.14.6.181
  29. Johnston, R. E. & Bate, J. D.(2013). The Power of Strategy Innovation: A New Way of Linking Creativity and Strategic Planning to Discover Great Business Opportunities. New York: Amacom.
  30. Janssen, O. (2000). Job Demands, Perceptions of Effort-Reward Fairness and Innovative Behavior. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology. 73(3), 287-302. DOI : 10.1348/096317900167038
  31. Kim K. S. (2011). Transformational Leadership and Innovation Implementation Behavior. Korea Ordo Economics Association. 14(3), 59-73. UCI : G704-002104.2011.14.3.003 https://doi.org/10.6115/khea.2011.49.5.059
  32. Kang N. Y. & Park J. C. (2021). Effect of Transformational Leadership on Innovation Behavior in ICT Companies: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of SNS Information Sharing and the Moderating Effects of Motivation Language. Korean Academy Of Human Resource Management. 28(4), 29-48. DOI : 10.14396/jhrmr.2021.28.4.29
  33. Jeong K. Y., Jung H. W., Ryu T. M. (2015). The Effects of Transformational Leadership on Innovative Behavior in the Small and Mediumsized Enterprises: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Ownership. Journal of Human Resource Management Research. 22(1), 191-212. DOI : 10.14396/jhrmr.2015.22.1.191
  34. Avolio, B. J., & Gibbons, T. C. (1988). Developing transformational leaders: A life span approach. APA PsycNet. 276-308.
  35. Staples, D. S. Hulland, J. S. & Higgins, C. A. (1999). A self-efficacytheory explanation for the management of remote workers invirtual organizations. Organization Science. 10(6), 758-776. DOI : 10.1287/orsc.10.6.758
  36. Rhoads, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizationalsupport: a review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology. 87(4), 698-714. DOI: 10.1037//0021-9010.87.4.698
  37. Bandura, A. & Wood, R. (1989). Effect of perceived controllability and performance standards on self-regulation of complex decision making. Journal of personality and social psychology. 56(5), 805-814. DOI: 1989-27913-001 1989
  38. George, J. M. & Zhou, J（2001). When openness to experience and conscientiousness are related to creative behavior: An interactional approach. Journal of Applied Psychology. 86(3), 513-524. DOI : 10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.513
  39. Ng, E. S. & Sears, G. J. (2012). Ceo leadership styles and the implementation of organizational diversity practices: moderating effects of social values and age. Journal of Business Ethics 105(1), 41-52. DOI : 10.1007/s10551-011-0933-7
  40. Gumusluoglu, L. & Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research. 62(4), 461-473. DOI : 10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.07.032
  41. Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H. & Lightsey, R. (1999). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 13(2), 158-166. DOI : 10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158
  42. Wu, C. H., Parker, S. K., & Bindl, U. K. (2013). Who is proactive and why? Unpacking individual differences in employee proactivity. In Advances in positive organizational psychology. 1, 261-280. DOI : 10.1108/S2046-410X(2013)0000001014
  43. Williams, H. M., Parker, S. K., & Turner, N. (2010). Proactively performing teams: The role of work design, transformational leadership, and team composition. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 83(2), 301-324. DOI : 10.1348/096317910X502494
  44. Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1988). Transformational leadership, charisma, and beyond. APA PsycNet. 29-49.
  45. Bandura, A. & Schunk, D. H. (1981). Cultivating competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal self-motivation. Journal of personality and social psychology. 41(3), 586-598. DOI : 10.1037/0022-3514.41.3.586
  46. Park H. J., & Oh S. J. (2019). The Effect of Managerial Coaching Behavior on the Innovative Behavior in IT field : Focused on the Moderating Effect of LMX and the Mediating Effect of Creative self-efficacy. The Korean Academic Association of Business Administration. 1, 23-48. DOI : 10.18032/kaaba.2019.1.s.23
  47. Sherer, M., Maddux, J. E., Mercandante, B., Prentice-Dunn, S., Jacobs, B., & Rogers, R. W. (1982). The self-efficacy scale: Construction and validation. Psychological reports. 51(2), 663-671. UCI : G704-002137.2014.16.1.014 https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1982.51.2.663
  48. Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organizational Behaviour. 28, 3-34. DOI : 10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.002
  49. Frese, M., & Fay, D. (2001). 4. Personal initiative: An active performance concept for work in the 21st century. Research in organizational behavior. 23, 133-187. DOI : 10.1016/S0191-3085(01)23005-6
  50. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership: A response to critiques. APA PsycNet. 49-80. DOI : 10.1016/1048-9843(95)90035-7
  51. Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1995). Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for examining the diffusion of transformational leadership. The leadership quarterly. 6(2), 199-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90035-7
  52. Liang, J., Farh, C. I., & Farh, J. L. (2012). Psychological antecedents of promotive and prohibitive voice: A two-wave examination. Academy of Management journal. 55(1), 71-92. DOI : 10.5465/amj.2010.0176
  53. Jones, G. R. (1986). Socialization tactics, self-efficacy, and newcomers' adjustments to organizations. Academy of Management journal. 29(2), 262-279. DOI : 10.5465/256188
  54. Hurley, R. F., & Hult, G. T. M. (1998). Innovation, market orientation, and organizational learning: an integration and empirical examination. Journal of marketing. 62(3), 42-54. DOI : 10.1177/002224299806200303
  55. Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of management journal. 37(3), 580-607. DOI : 10.5465/256701
  56. Presson, P. K., Clark, S. C., & Benassi, V. A. (1997). The Levenson locus of control scales: Confirmatory factor analyses and evaluation. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 25(1), 93-103. DOI : 10.2224/sbp.1997.25.1.93
  57. Song X. X.,Bai S.,Yang Y. N.,Yang B.B.,& Li S. X. (2021). Reliability and Validity of A Questionnaire for International Students in China with Educational Service Satisfaction in English Version-Taking Kunming Medical University as A Case. Journal of Kunming Medical University. 42(3), 161-165. DOI : 10.12259/j.issn.2095-610X.S20210337
  58. Fox, F. R., Smith, M. B., & Webster, B. D. (2023). Take your ethics and shove it! Narcissists' angry responses to ethical leadership. Personality and Individual Differences, 204, 112032. DOI : 10.1016/j.paid.2022.112032
  59. Wen, J., Huang, S. S., & Teo, S. (2023). Effect of empowering leadership on work engagement via psychological empowerment: Moderation of cultural orientation. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 54, 88-97. DOI : 10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.12.012
  60. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55. DOI : 10.1080/10705519909540118
  61. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. DOI : 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
  62. Bandura, A., & Schunk, D. H. (1981). Cultivating competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal self-motivation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 41(3), 586-598. DOI : 10.1037/0022-3514.41.3.586
  63. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50. DOI : 10.1177/002224378101800104
  64. Hu, S., & Shen, C. (2020). Effect of perceived employability on active job-seeking behavior and subjective well-being of uniꠓversity graduates: A moderated mediation model. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28(1), 126-131. DOI:10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2020.01.027
  65. Su, X., Jiang, X., Lin, W., Xu, A., & Zheng, Q. (2022). Organizational Innovative Climate and Employees' Improvisational Behavior: The Mediating Role of Psychological Safety and the Moderating Role of Creative Self-Efficacy. SAGE Open, 12(4), 21582440221132526. DOI:10.14134/j.cnki.cn33-1336/f.2021.01.003
  66. Kwon M. H., Lee S. B. & You Y. Y(2022). The Effect of Consultant Competences of SMEs CEO on Innovation Performance and Management Performance. Journal of Industrial Convergence. 20(11), 113-126. DOI:10.22678/JIC.2022.20.11.113
  67. Lee S. H., Kim K. S. & Cho Y. H. (2021). The Effects of Charismatic Leader Behavior on Group Performance and Group Innovation Behavior : An Investigation of a Mediating Effect of Followers' Voluntary Acceptance of their Leader. Journal of Industrial Convergence. 19(3), 13-26. DOI : 10.22678/JIC.2021.19.3.013