Journal of Christian Education in Korea (기독교교육논총)

The Korean Society of Christian Religious Education (한국기독교교육학회)
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A Study on Conflict-factors and Influence of the Bremen Controversy of 1905

'브레멘 학교논쟁'(1905)의 기독교교육 갈등요인에 관한 영향사 연구

  • Jeongdo An (Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary)
  • Received : 2023.06.04
  • Accepted : 2023.06.29
  • Published : 2023.06.30
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Abstract

Purpose of the Study: This paper focuses on a significant historical event, namely the Bremen teachers' movement of 1905, which aimed to abolish religious classes in public schools. By examining an incident in the German history of religious education that remains unfamiliar to the Korean Christian Association, I aim to explore the interconnected diachronic and synchronic influences involved in this particular event. Contents and Method: The religious controversy sparked by the Bremen Teacher's movement of 1905 marked the first official call for reform towards neutral religious education in schools. Several factors contributed to this debate, including the rise of civil society in the 19th century, advancements in science and scholarship, the emergence of social democracy, and the conflict between the Lutheran and Reformed Churches. This paper delves into the historical context of the controversy and analyzes its impact on the develop of religious education in Germany. As reflected in the Bremen Document, the official outcome of the Bremen Teacher's Movement, educators argued for the separation of religion and education, emphasizing that religion is a deeply personal matter. The document called for the adoption of value-neutral moral education in public schools, achieved through objective Bible-History classes. This paper explores the impact of the Bremen School Dispute of 1905 on the development of religious education in Germany. Specifically, the provisions of the Bremen State Constitution of 1948 and the German Basic Law of 1949 were influenced by the controversy, with Article 141 of the Basic Law - known as the 'Bremen Clause' - providing a legal basis for the exclusion of churches from religion-classes at Schools in Bremen. The Bible-History Classes advocated in the Bremen Documents served as the basis for the present-day Bremen religious education curriculum well known for neutral objective religion-classes. Conlusion: This study analyzes the background, content, and influence of the Bremen School Controversy, which remains relatively unknown in Korea. The findings of this study can contribute to the ongoing discussion of Christian school education in Korea, with an emphasis on maintaining a Christian identity while promoting religious publicity in the classroom.

연구 목적 : 본 연구는 1905년 브레멘에서 일어난 교사들의 학교에서의 종교수업 폐지 운동에 관한 역사적 사건 문헌 연구다. 한국 기독교학회에는 아직 소개되지 않은 독일 종교교육사의 한 사건을 조망하면서, 이 사건 안에 얽혀있는 통시적·공시적 영향력을 확인하고자 한다. 연구 내용 및 방법 : 1905년 독일 브레멘을 중심으로 일어난 학교 종교수업에 대한 논쟁은 학교종교교육 역사에서 중립적 종교수업으로의 개혁을 공식적으로 요구한 최초의 사건이다. 그 배경에는 19세기 시민 사회의 성장, 과학과 학문의 발전, 사회민주주의 정치적 발달, 루터교회와 개혁교회의 갈등과 같은 다양한 촉발 요인이 존재한다. 이 논쟁의 공식 결과물인 '브레멘 문서'에서 교사들은 종교가 지극히 사적인 영역에 속한다는 논리로 학교와 교회, 종교와 교육이 분리되어야 함을 주장한다. 그리고 가치중립적인 도덕교육을 지향하며 객관적 '성서 역사 수업'을 제안한다. 1905년 브레멘 학교논쟁은 이후 1948년 브레멘 주 헌법, 1949년 독일 기본법의 종교교육 관련 법 조문에 영향을 미쳤다. 기본법 제 141조는 '브레멘 조항'이라고 불리며, 브레멘 종교수업에 교회가 관여할 수 없는 법적 근거를 제시하기 때문이다. '브레멘 문서'에서 요구된 성서 역사 수업은 오늘날 브레멘 종교교육 과정의 특징인 '성서역사수업'(BGU)의 모태가 된다. 결론 및 제언 : 1905년 브레멘 학교논쟁은 학교에서의 종교 중립적인 수업에 대한 최초 논의이다. '브레멘 학교 논쟁'의 배경, 내용, 영향을 살펴보면 오늘날 한국 기독교 학교교육의 논의에서도 놓치지 말아야 할 점을 다시 한 번 확인하고 기독교 정체성을 지켜나가는 시사점을 발견할 수 있다.

Keywords

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