Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea (대한건축학회논문집)

Architectural Institute of Korea (대한건축학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Exploring Recent Multi-level Pedestrian Spaces in the Sky and Their Design Feature Related to Connectivity - A Case study of Sejong City's Elevated Walkaway and Pangyo New Town's Connecting Passage -

최근 보행공간 입체화 현황 및 연계 특성에 관한 연구 - 세종 행정중심복합도시 방축천 공중가로, 판교 알파돔 시티 공중보행로를 중심으로 -

  • Lee, Jeeun (Dept. of Spatial Design, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Seo, Bo Seul (Graduate Architecture Program, Cornell University)
  • 이지은 (이화여대 공간디자인전공) ;
  • 서보슬 (코넬대학교 건축대학원)
  • Received : 2023.07.26
  • Accepted : 2023.09.09
  • Published : 2023.09.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, we first explored and classified the types of multi-level pedestrian spaces in the sky as elevated walkways, connecting passages, and sky-bridge by comprehensively reviewing previous studies and practical projects. Second, we analyzed their design features related to connectivity, which are critical for their successful usage. As a research method, we selected Sejong City's elevated walkways and Pangyo New Town's connecting passage as study cases. Then, we measured their connectivity in three aspects: an urban center, surrounding facilities, and adjacent buildings and urban spaces, which we extracted through a literature review. As a result, we found that these recent cases widely applied the following design strategies to improve permeability between a city, a neighborhood, and adjacent buildings. First, their location is the city center, where the street network and infrastructure are most highly concentrated. Second, the land use of the study sites is a mixed-use, combining residential, business, cultural, commercial, and park, and green facilities. Lastly, adjacent buildings have vertical transportation approaching the multi-level pedestrian space on the main pedestrian circulation axis of the basement, as well as the ground floors, both inside and outside. The lower floors of the buildings have large atriums and a terrace on the second floor, mainly consisting of retail shops. In addition, the facades on the floor connected to the multi-level pedestrian space were opened up as much as possible through many entrances. These findings contribute meaningful insights into planning and designing multi-level pedestrian spaces in the sky, which have become important in creating a sustainable and compact city.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 2023년도 한국연구재단 연구비 지원에 의한 결과의 일부임. 과제번호:RS-2022-00165729

References

  1. Bae, K. H. (2019, April 17). No more land, Seoul-si plans to make a multi-level city, Asia Economics, https://www.asiae.co.kr/article/2019041614554307866
  2. Carlton, I. (2007). Histories of transit-oriented development: Perspectives on the development of the TOD concept, Working Paper, University of California.
  3. Chosun Iibo. (2021, June 29). Skyrocketed Crystal near Han River, Chosun libo, https://www.chosun.com/economy/industry-company/2021/06/29/KYI64UBXYBHEXMPTV7OJ3V7DYA/
  4. Choi, J. H. (2016, August 8). Sejong-si began the constr uction of Bangchukchen commercial complex, Chungbuk Ilbo, https://www.inews365.com/mobile/article.html?no=458896 In-text citation: August(2016)
  5. Choi, Y. K. (2008). The characteristics of mixed-use complex, Architecture, 52(7), 48-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00022214
  6. Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for People, Washington D.C., Island Press.
  7. Google Earth. (2023). Ariel View. Google, Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://earth.google.com/web/
  8. Han, G. Y., Park, A. R., & Lee, Y. M. (2009). A study on the function and form of intermediate space in two large mixed-use complexes, Urban Design, 10(2). 57-71.
  9. Han, G. Y., Park, A. R., & Lee, Y. M. (2011). Site design framework for better public space in large mixed-use Complex - Case studies of Canal City, Namba Park and Roppongi Hills in Japan, Urban Design, 12(2), 25-40.
  10. Ham, J. S. (, February 17). Multi-level city is coming, The JoongAng, https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/21271208#home
  11. Harrouk, C. (2020, July 2). Ronald Lu & Partners comp letes phase one of China's first transit-oriented develop ment, Archdaily, https://www.archdaily.com/942910/ronald-lu-and-partners-completes-phase-one-of-chinas-first-transit-oriented-development
  12. Hong, Y., & Lee, S. H. (2013). The characteristics and roles of skywalk in mixed-use complex -Focused on central elevated walkway network in Hong Kong, Proceedings of Annual Conference of Journal of the Urban Design Institute of Korea. 85-91.
  13. House & Development Board. (2016a, September 8). Unveiling the Masterplan for Tengah : At Home With Nature, HDB, https://www.hdb.gov.sg/cs/infoweb/about-us/news-and-publications/press-releases/corporate-pr-unveiling-the-masterplan-for-tengah-08092016
  14. House & Development Board. (2016b, July 1). HDB'sprojects voted among Singapore's top 50 engineering feats, HDB, https://www.hdb.gov.sg/cs/infoweb/about-us/news-and-publications/press-releases/hdb-projects-voted-among-singapore
  15. Im, J. (2021, June 4). The reason why the Culture Valley in Pangyo receives attention, Asia Economics, https://www.asiae.co.kr/article/2021060409354170320
  16. Joung, J. D., Sou, C. W., & Park, S. Y. (2005). A study on the application of multi-dimentional land use planning, Proceedings of Annual Conference of Korea Planning Association, 45-54.
  17. Jung, J. H., Kim, Y. O., Kim, A. H., & Kim, C. J. (2008). A study on the spatial interrelation between facilities in mixed-use complex, Proceedings of Annual Conference of Journal of the Urban Design Institute of Korea, 619-627.
  18. Kim, J. S., & Kim, K. S. (2022). A study on the specialized plan for apartment houses -Focusing on sky bridge plan cases-, Proceedings of Annual Conference of Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 42(2), 173-176.
  19. Kang, I. H. (2003). A study on the street-in-the-air in collective housing - From the point of relation in urban space, dwelling unit -, Journal of Korean Housing Association, 14(3), 29-40.
  20. Korea Land & Housing Corporation. (2018). Design plan, LH, Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://happycity2030.or.kr/plan/?act=sub1_1_2
  21. Korea Land & Housing Corporation. (2020). The third-phase new towns, LH, Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://www.3기신도시.kr/kor/CMS/Contents/Contents.do?mCode=MN136
  22. Kim, S. (1997). A study on the relative importance of amenity factors in urban public open space, Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 13(6), 141-149.
  23. Lee, B. H., Ko, Y. S., Lee, J. C., Hong, K. K., & Kim, S. N. (). A study on the multi-dimentional urban regeneration, Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, 17(19), 1-103.
  24. Lee, B. H., Nam, S. W., & Kim, Y. H. (2019), Improvement on multi-dimentional urban planning system for urban regeneration, The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 19(2), 516-524, https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2019.19.02.516
  25. Lee, E. D., Sun, X. W., Lee, S. J., & Lee, S. H. (2011). Design characteristics of pedestrian skywalk in mixed-use development - Case studies of Tokyo, Japan, Proceedings of Annual Conference of Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 31(1), 55-56.
  26. Lee, H. W., & Park, S. H. (). A preliminary study for mapping pedestrian spaces in the city - Based on pedestrian traversability in Open Space -, Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 22(12), 99-103.
  27. Lee, J., Ju, H. R., Jeon, A. H., Kim, H. K., & Kim, B. Y. (2022). Exploring characteristics of third-phase new towns' multi-functional.multi-layered spatial plan, Focusing on multi-modal transit hubs - Gyeyang, Wangsuk, and Gyosan New Towns as case studies, Urban Design, 23(1), pp.5-20.
  28. Lee, J., & Park, S. (2022). Investigating pedestrian connectivity within apartment complexes: a case study of Seoul and Singapore. Local Environment, 27(6), 697-711.https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2022.2068141
  29. Lee, J., & Park, S. H. (2015). Exploring characteristics of walkable neighborhood design strategies: A case study of recent trends in Pangyo.Dongtan areas, Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 31(12). 191-202.
  30. Lee, K. N., Moon, J. I., & Lee, S. H. (2008). A study on the characteristics of an intermediate space in mixed-use development - Focused on the pedestrian passage structure -, Proceedings of Annual Conference of Journal of the Urban Design Institute of Korea, 600-608.
  31. Lee, M. J., & Baek, J. (2023). Spatial composition of lobby spaces for the intermediation of skyway networks and urban streets, Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 39(2), 15-26.
  32. Mander, U., Brevvia, C. A., & Tiezzi, E. (2006). The Sustainable City IV: Urban Regeneration and Sustainability, Great Britain, WIT press. 293-302.
  33. Menz, S. (2014). Public Space Evolution in High-density Living in Singapore. Singapore, Future Cities Laboratory.
  34. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. (2017). Policy information. MLIT, Retrieved July 13, 2023 from http://www.molit.go.kr/USR/policyData/m_34681/dtl.jsp?id=524
  35. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport & Korea Institute of Construction Technology Evaluation. (2011). Design Manual for Multi-layered Interaction Space, MLIT & KICTE, Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://www.codil.or.kr/filebank/original/MA/OTKCMA130047/OTKCMA130047.pdf
  36. Moon, J. I., & Lee, S. H. (2009). A study on the characteristics and type of an intermediate space in a large mixed-use complex - Focused on case studies in Korea and Japan -, Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 25(12), 73-80.
  37. National Agency for Administrative City Construction. (2023). Sejong City overview, NAACC, Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://naacc.go.kr/WEB/contents/N1010100000.do
  38. Parolek, D. G., Parolek, K., & Crawford, P. C. 2008. Form-based Codes. New Jersey: Wiley.
  39. Park, M. W. (2023, July 15). The higher, the fancier, E Today, https://www.etoday.co.kr/news/view/2257577
  40. Park, H. K., & Jeong, J. Y. (2008). The study on characteristics of walking environment by mediation space of mixed use complex, Proceedings of Annual Conference of Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 28(1), 497-501.
  41. Park, J. H. (2008). A Study on the Spatial Organization Technique of Public Open Space in a Multi-Dimensional Complex, Thesis, Hanyang University.
  42. Park, S., Choi, Y., & Seo, H. (2015). Walking and Planning Town, Seoul, SPACE Books Press.
  43. Seo. C. W. (2015). Newly created space in the sky, Construction & Economy Research Institute of Korea, 25-27.
  44. Song, J. Y., & Kim, S. Y. (2009). A suggestion for multi-dimensional city park development. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 25(12). 21-30.
  45. Sin, S. I., & Lee, K. H. (2014). The way of making pedestrian infrastructure in a large mixed complex, The Seoul Institute, Retrieved July 9, 2023 from https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE02450626
  46. Sung, L. Y., & Lee, S. H. (2011). Place identity of space above ground in mixed-use complexes -The case of mixed-use complex planning for urban regeneration in Tokyo, Japan, Urban Design, 12(1), 87-103.
  47. Yang, J. (2016). A Study on Intermodal Transfer Center Organically Linked with the Charicteristics of Urban spaces, Thesis, Kyungpook National University, 1-98.
  48. Yoos, J., & James V. (2016, May 1). The Multilevel Metropolis, on the radical origins -and mundane deployment - of the urban skyway. Places, https://placesjournal.org/article/multilevel-metropolis-urban-skyways/ In-text citation: May(2016)
  49. Villani, C., & Talamini, G. (2020). Socialising on a skywalk: How Hong Kong's elevated walkways become public open spaces, Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies, 5(15), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v5i15.361