Acknowledgement
이 연구는 국립국어원의 '대화 음성 말뭉치 2020'을 내려받아 f0값을 구했으며, 대규모 음성 자료를 만든 국립국어원에 감사드립니다.
References
- Baken, R. J. (2005). The aged voice: A new hypothesis. Journal of Voice, 19(3), 317-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.07.005
- Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2022). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (version 6.2.14). [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://www.praat.org/
- Boothroyd, A. (1986). Speech acoustics and perception. Austin, TX: Pro-ED.
- Fant, G. (1973). Speech sounds and features. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. London, UK: Sage Publications.
- Hollien, H., & Shipp, T. (1972). Speaking fundamental frequency and chronologic age in males. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 15(1),155-159. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.1501.155
- Hudson, T., De Jong, G., McDougall, K., Harrison, P., & Nolan, F. (2007, August). F0 statistics for 100 young male speakers of Standard Southern British English. Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Saarbrucken, Germany.
- Kinoshita, Y., Ishihara, S., & Rose, P. (2009). Exploring the discriminatory potential of f0 distribution parameters in traditional forensic speaker recognition. Journal of Speech, Language and the Law, 16(1), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.v16i1.91
- Lennes, M., Stevanovic, M., Aalto, D., & Palo, P. (2015). Comparing pitch distributions using Praat and R. Phonetician, 111(2), 35-53.
- Lindh, J. (2006). Preliminary descriptive f0-statistics for young male speakers (Research Report of Centre for Languages & Literature, Department of Linguistics & Phonetics, Lund University, pp. 89-92). Lund, Sweden.
- National Institute of Korean Language. (2023). Dialogue Corpus (audio) 2020. Retrieved from https://corpus.korean.go.kr/
- R Core Team. (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (version 4.3.1) [Computer software]. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from https://www.R-project.org/
- Shi, S. J., Zhang, J., & Xie, Y. (2014, September). Cross-language comparison of F0 range in speakers of native Chinese, native Japanese and Chinese L2 of Japanese: Preliminary results of a corpus-based analysis. Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing (pp. 241-244). Singapore, Singapore.
- Yang, B. (1990). Development of vowel normalization procedures: English and Korean (Doctoral dissertation). The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
- Yang, B. (1996). An analysis of Korean glottal waves by the laryngograph and a perceptual study of synthesized vowels. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 21(4), 1025-1040.
- Yang, B. (1998). A study of pitch analysis by Signalize. Dongeui Nonjip, 28, 68-79.
- Yang, B. (2018). Pitch trajectories of English vowels produced by American men, women, and children. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 10(4), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2018.10.4.031
- Yang, B. (2021a). Measuring vowels. In R. A. Knight, & J. Setter (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of phonetics (pp. 261-284). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Yang, B. (2021b). The f0 distribution of Korean speakers in a spontaneous speech corpus. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 13(3), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2021.13.3.031