Structural Monitoring and Maintenance

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic fragility analysis of base isolation reinforced concrete structure building considering performance - a case study for Indonesia

  • Faiz Sulthan (Implementation Unit for Building Materials and Structures, Directorate General of Human Settlements, Ministry of Public Works and Housing) ;
  • Matsutaro Seki (Building Research Institute 1 Tatehara)
  • Received : 2023.08.17
  • Accepted : 2023.09.23
  • Published : 2023.09.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Indonesia has had seismic codes for earthquake-resistant structures designs since 1970 and has been updated five times to the latest in 2019. In updating the Indonesian seismic codes, seismic hazard maps for design also update, and there are changes to the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). Indonesian seismic design uses the concept of building performance levels consisting of Immediate occupancy (IO), Life Safety (LS), and Collapse Prevention (CP). Related to this performance level, cases still found that buildings were damaged more than their performance targets after the earthquake. Based on the above issues, this study aims to analyze the performance of base isolation design on existing target buildings and analyze the seismic fragility for a case study in Indonesia. The target building is a prototype design 8-story medium-rise residential building using the reinforced concrete moment frame structure. Seismic fragility analysis uses Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) with Nonlinear Time History Analysis (NLTHA) and eleven selected ground motions based on soil classification, magnitude, fault distance, and earthquake source mechanism. The comparison result of IDA shows a trend of significant performance improvement, with the same performance level target and risk category, the base isolation structure can be used at 1.46-3.20 times higher PGA than the fixed base structure. Then the fragility analysis results show that the fixed base structure has a safety margin of 30% and a base isolation structure of 62.5% from the PGA design. This result is useful for assessing existing buildings or considering a new building's performance.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Thanks to the Building Research Institute, Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT), Japan, this study can be carried out thanks to the help where the first author conducted his research.

References

  1. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). (2017a), ASCE 7-16 Minimum design loads and associated criteria for buildings and other structures. Virginia, United States: American Society of Civil Engineers. ASCE/SEI 7-16. https://doi:10.1061/9780784414248.
  2. Augenti, N. and Parisi, F. (2010), "Learning from construction failures due to the 2009 L'Aquila, Italy, earthquake", J. Perform. Constr. Fac., 24(6), 536-555. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)cf.1943-5509.0000122.
  3. Benjamin, J.R. and Cornell, C.A. (1970), Probabilty statistics and decision for civil engineers. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.
  4. Bridgestone. (2017), Bridgestone seismic isolation product line-up (catalog), Bridgestone.
  5. Erberik, M.A. (2015), "Seismic fragility analysis", Encyclopedia Earthq. Eng., 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_387-1.
  6. Fauzan, Kurniawan, R., Syahdiza, N., Al Jauhari, Z. and Nugraha, M.D.A. (2023), "Fragility curve of school building in Padang City with and without retrofitting due to earthquake and tsunami loads", Int. J. Geomate, 24(101). https://doi.org/10.21660/2023.101.g12251.
  7. Gautham, A. and Krishna, K.G. (2017), "Fragility analysis - a tool to assess seismic performance of structural systems", Materials Today Proceedings, 4(9), 10565-10569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.421.
  8. Han, R., Li, Y. and van de Lindt, J. (2014), "Seismic risk of base isolated non-ductile reinforced concrete buildings considering uncertainties and mainshock-aftershock sequences", Struct. Saf., 50, 39-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2014.03.010.
  9. Hussain, S., AlHamaydeh, M.H. and Aly, N.E. (2012), "Jakarta's first seismic-isolated building-A 25 story tower", Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15 WCEE), Lisbon, Portugal, 24-28 September 2012.
  10. Ibrahim, Y.E. and El-Shami, M.M. (2011), "Seismic fragility curves for mid-rise reinforced concrete frames in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia", The IES J. Part A: Civil & Struct. Eng., 4(4), 213-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/19373260.2011.609325.
  11. Imran, I., Siringoringo, D.M. and Michael, J. (2021), "Seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings with double concave friction pendulum base isolation system: Case study of design by Indonesian code", Structures, 34, 462-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.07.084.
  12. Irfan, Z., Abdullah, A. and Afifuddin, M. (2022), "Development of fragility curve based on incremental dynamic analysis curve using ground motion Aceh earthquake", E3S Web of Conferences, 340, 02001. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234002001.
  13. Irsyam, M., Asrurifak, M., Mikhail, R., Wahdiny, I.I., Rustiani, S. and Munirwansyah, M. (2017a), "Development of nationwide VS30 map and calibrated conversion table for Indonesia using automated topographical classification", J. Eng. Technol. Sci., 49(4), 457-471. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2017.49.4.3.
  14. Irsyam, M., Hendriyawan, Natawijaya, D.H., Daryono, M.R., Widiyantoro, S., Asrurifak, M. and Faizal, L. (2017b), "Development of new seismic hazard maps of Indonesia 2017", Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Seoul, South Korea. 17-21 September 2017.
  15. Japan Society of Seismic Isolation (JSSI) (2010), Seismic Isolation - from the Basics of Components to Design and Construction (in Japanese). Omusha.
  16. Juliafad, E. (2022), "Seismic fragility function for single storey masonry wall RC Building in Padang City", Indonesia. Int. J. Geomate, 22(94). https://doi.org/10.21660/2022.94.3160.
  17. Kato, H., Nasarafu, T., Ishiyama, Y., Ison, R., Sakuma, J. and Kita, S. (2017), "Comparison studies on structural codes-seismic codes in South East Asia", Proceedings of the 16th World Conference on Earthquake (16WCEE), Santiago, Chile.
  18. Khalfan, M. (2013), Fragility curves for residential buildings in developing countries: as case study on non-engineered unreinforced masonry homes in Bantul, Indonesia. McMaster University.
  19. Kossobokov, V.G. and Nekrasova, A.K. (2018), "Aftershock sequences of the recent major earthquakes in New Zealand", Pure Appl. Geophys., 176(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-018-2071-y.
  20. Maidiawati, M., Tanjung, J., Sanada, Y., Nugroho, F. and Wardi, S. (2020), "Seismic analysis of damaged buildings based on post-earthquake investigation of the 2018 Palu Earthquake", Int. J. Geomate, 18(70). https://doi.org/10.21660/2020.70.9490.
  21. Miwada, G., Sano, T., Katsumata, H., Takiyama, N., Onishi, Y. and Hayashi, Y. (2012), "Experimental study on hysterisis characteristics of the retaining wall of the base-isolated building", Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15 WCEE), Lisbon, Portugal, 24-28 September 2012.
  22. Muntafi, Y., Nojima, N. and Jamal, A.U. (2020), "Damage probability assessment of hospital buildings in Yogyakarta, Indonesia as essential facility due to an earthquake scenario", J. Civil Eng. Forum, 6(3), 225. https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.53387.
  23. Nagae, T., Suita, K. and Nakashima, M. (2006), "Performance assessment of reinforced concrete buildings with soft first stories", Annual of Disaster Prevention Research Institute, 49, 189-196. Kyoto University.
  24. National Center for Earthquake Studies (2022), Indonesian deaggregation maps for design and evaluation of seismic resistance infrastructure (in Indonesian). prepared by National Center for Earthquake Studies for Ministry Public Works and Housing of Indonesia.
  25. Nugroho, W.O., Sagara, A. and Imran, I. (2022), "The evolution of Indonesian seismic and concrete building codes: From the past to the present", Structures, 41, 1092-1108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2022.05.032.
  26. Pribadi, K.S., Abduh, M., Wirahadikusumah, R.D., Hanifa, N.R., Irsyam, M., Kusumaningrum, P. and Puri, E. (2021), "Learning from past earthquake disasters: The need for knowledge management system to enhance infrastructure resilience in Indonesia", Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduction, 64, 102424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102424.
  27. Qu, Z., Kishiki, S. and Nakazawa, T. (2013), "Influence of isolation gap size on the collapse performance of seismically base-isolated buildings", Earthq. Spectra, 29(4), 1477-1494. https://doi.org/10.1193/031912eqs097m.
  28. Rajkumari, S., Thakkar, K. and Goyal, H. (2022), "Fragility analysis of structures subjected to seismic excitation: A state-of-the-art review", Structures, 40, 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2022.04.023.
  29. Sarli, P.W., Palar, P.S., Azhari, Y., Setiawan, A., Sanjaya, Y., Sharon, S.C. and Imran, I. (2023), "Gaussian process regression for seismic fragility assessment: Application to non-engineered residential buildings in Indonesia", Buildings, 13(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010059.
  30. Seki, M. and Lee, J. (2022), "Seismic isolation of the headquartes building of fire service & civil defence (FSCD) in Dhaka City, Bangladesh", Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering & Seismology, Bucharest, Romania, 4-9 September 2022.
  31. SNI 1726:2019 (2019), Indonesia seismic resistance design guideline for buildings and other structures (in Indonesian). National Standardization Agency.
  32. Sukamta, D. (2014), Advances in seismic design and construction in Indonesia. CTBUH 2014 Shanghai Conference Proceedings.
  33. Supendi, P., Ramdhan, M., Priyobudi, Sianipar, D., Wibowo, A., Gunawan, M.T., Rohadi, S. and Elsera, E.M. (2021), "Foreshock-mainshock-aftershock sequence analysis of the January 14 2021 (MW 6.2) Mamuju-Majene (West Sulawesi, Indonesia) earthquake", Earth, Planets and Space, 73(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01436-x.
  34. Web site: The Center for Engineering Strong Motion Data (CESMD) database website https://www.strongmotioncenter.org/
  35. Web site: The Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/site
  36. Xue, Q., Wu, C.W., Chen, C.C. and Chen, K.C. (2008), "The draft code for performance-based seismic design of buildings in Taiwan", Eng. Struct., 30(6), 1535-1547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.10.002.
  37. Yang, F., Li, C., Wang, T., Liu, D., Yao, S., Li, H., He, J., Huo, Y. and Lei, M. (2023), "Reliability analysis of an inter-story isolated structure under a main-aftershock sequence based on the Laplace asymptotic method", Front. Earth Sci., 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1121181.
  38. Yenidogan, C. (2021), "Earthquake-resilient design of seismically isolated buildings: A review of technology", Vibration, 4(3), 602-647. https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration4030035.
  39. Zhai, C.H., Zheng, Z., Li, S. and Pan, X. (2016), "Damage accumulation of a base-isolated RCC building under mainshock-aftershock seismic sequences", KSCE J. Civil Eng., 21(1), 364-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-016-0701-4.