The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

The Korean Society of Pharmacology (대한약리학회)
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Carvacrol improves blood lipid and glucose in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating short-chain fatty acids and the GPR41/43 pathway

  • Yan Sun (Department of Endocrinology, Heji Hospital Affilicated to Changzhi Medical College) ;
  • Hai Qu (Department of General Surgery, Heji Hospital Affilicated to Changzhi Medical College) ;
  • Xiaohong Niu (Department of Endocrinology, Heji Hospital Affilicated to Changzhi Medical College) ;
  • Ting Li (Department of Endocrinology, Heji Hospital Affilicated to Changzhi Medical College) ;
  • Lijuan Wang (Department of Endocrinology, Heji Hospital Affilicated to Changzhi Medical College) ;
  • Hairui Peng (Department of Endocrinology, Heji Hospital Affilicated to Changzhi Medical College)
  • Received : 2023.05.06
  • Accepted : 2023.08.22
  • Published : 2024.01.01
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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Carvacrol (CAR) has demonstrated the potential to mitigate dyslipidemia. This study aims to investigate whether CAR can modulate blood glucose and lipid levels in a T2DM rat model by regulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the GPR41/43 pathway. The T2DM rat model was induced by a high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozocin injection and treated with oral CAR and/or mixed antibiotics. Fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance tests were assessed. Serum lipid parameters, hepatic and renal function indicators, tissue morphology, and SCFAs were measured. In vitro, high glucose (HG)-induced IEC-6 cells were treated with CAR, and optimal CAR concentration was determined. HG-induced IEC-6 cells were treated with SCFAs or/and GPR41/43 agonists. CAR significantly reduced blood lipid and glucose levels, improved tissue damage, and increased SCFA levels in feces and GPR41/43 expression in colonic tissues of T2DM rats. CAR also attenuated HG-induced apoptosis of IEC-6 cells and enhanced GPR41/43 expression. Overall, these findings suggest that CAR alleviates blood lipid and glucose abnormalities in T2DM rats by modulating SCFAs and the GPR41/43 pathway.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors express their gratitude to individuals who contributed to this work.

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