Advances in nano research

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Characterization of nano-structure pyrolytic char for smart and sustainable nanomaterials

  • N. K. Karthikeyan (School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai-campus) ;
  • S. Elavenil (School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai-campus)
  • Received : 2023.08.18
  • Accepted : 2023.10.19
  • Published : 2024.01.25
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Abstract

Advancements in the technology of building materials has led to diverse applications of nanomaterials with the aim to monitor concrete structures. While there are myriad instances of the use of nanoparticles in building materials, the production of smart nano cement-composites is often expensive. Thereupon, this research aims to discover a sustainable nanomaterial from tyre waste using the pyrolysis process as part of the green manufacturing circle. Here, Nano Structure Tyre-Char (NSTC) is introduced as a zero-dimension carbon-based nanoparticle. The NSTC particles were characterized using various standard characterization techniques. Several salient results for the NSTC particles were obtained using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The size of the particles as well as that of the agglomerates were reduced significantly using the milling process and the results were validated through a scanning electron microscope. The crystallite size and crystallinity were found to be ~35nm and 10.42%, respectively. The direct bandgap value of 5.93eV and good optical conductivity at 786 nm were obtained from the ultra violet visible spectroscopy measurements. The thermal analysis reveals the presence of a substantial amount of carbon, the rate of maximum weight loss, and the two stages of phase transformation. The FT-Raman confirms the presence of carboxyl groups and a ID/IG ratio of 0.83. Water contact angle around 140° on the surface implies the highly hydrophobic nature of the material and its low surface energy. This characteristic process assists to obtain a sustainable nanomaterial from waste tyres, contributing to the development of a smart building material.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank the Dean-School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India, for providing support and lab facilities to carry out this research. We thank the "DST and SAIF/IIT/M", "Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University", "STIC CUSAT", "National Centre for Earth Science Studies - Thiruvananthapuram", "School of Advanced Sciences, VIT-Chennai", for providing the analytical services. We would like to acknowledge "Dr. Shanmuga Sundaram, VIT-Chennai", for providing valuable ideas during the research phase.

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