DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Artificial Intelligence Application using Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm to Enhance Efficiency & Reliability of Power Systems via Optimal Setting and Sizing of Renewable Energy Sources as Distributed Generations in Radial Distribution Systems

  • Nawaf A. AlZahrani (Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University) ;
  • Mohammad Hamza Awedh (Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University) ;
  • Ali M. Rushdi (Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University)
  • Received : 2024.01.05
  • Published : 2024.01.30

Abstract

People have been using more energy in the last years. Several research studies were conducted to develop sustainable energy sources that can produce clean energy to fulfill our energy requirements. Using renewable energy sources helps to decrease the harm to the environment caused by conventional power plants. Choosing the right location and capacity for DG-RESs can greatly impact the performance of Radial Distribution Systems. It is beneficial to have a good and stable electrical power supply with low energy waste and high effectiveness because it improves the performance and reliability of the system. This research investigates the ideal location and size for solar and wind power systems, which are popular methods for producing clean electricity. A new artificial intelligent algorithm called Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm (NOA) is used to find the best solution in two common electrical systems named IEEE 33 and 69 bus systems to examine the improvement in the efficiency & reliability of power system network by reducing power losses, making voltage deviation smaller, and improving voltage stability. Finally, the NOA method is compared with another method called PSO and developed Hybrid Algorithm (NOA+PSO) to validate the proposed algorithm effectiveness and enhancement of both efficiency and reliability aspects.

Keywords

References

  1. E. S. Ali, S. M. Abd-Elazim, A. Y. Abd-Elaziz, "Improved Harmony Algorithm and Power Loss Index for Optimal Locations and Sizing of Capacitors in Radial Distribution Systems," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 80, pp. 252-263, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.11.085
  2. Y. Abd-Elaziz, E. S. Ali, S. M. Abd-Elazim, "Flower Pollination Algorithm for Optimal Capacitor Placement and Sizing in Distribution Systems," Electr. Power Compon. Syst., vol. 44, pp. 544-555, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2015.1117540
  3. E. S. Ali, S. M. Abd-Elazim, "Optimal Locations and Sizing of Capacitors in Radial Distribution Systems Using Mine Blast Algorithm," Electr. Eng., vol. 100, pp. 1-9, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-016-0475-1
  4. S. M. Abd-Elazim, E. S. Ali, "Optimal Network Restructure via Improved Whale Optimization Approach," Int. J. Commun. Syst., vol. 34, pp. e4617, 2021. DOI:10.1002/dac.4617
  5. R.S. Rao, K. Ravindra, K. Satish, S. V. L. Narasimham, "Power Loss Minimization in Distribution System Using Network Reconfiguration in the Presence of Distributed Generation," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 28, pp. 317-325, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2197227
  6. M. O. A. Elraouf, M. Aljohani, M. I. Mosaad, T. A. A. Fattah, "Mitigating Misfire and Fire-through Faults in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Utilizing Dynamic Voltage Restorer," Energies, vol. 15, pp. 5769, 2022.
  7. R. O. Bawazir, N. S. Cetin, "Comprehensive Overview of Optimizing PV-DG Allocation in Power System and Solar Energy Resource Potential Assessments," Energy Rep., vol. 6, pp. 173-208, 2020.
  8. M. Kiehbadroudinezhad, A. Merabet, A. G. Abo-Khalil, T. Salameh, C. Ghenai, "Intelligent and Optimized Microgrids for Future Supply Power from Renewable Energy Resources: A Review," Energies, vol. 15, pp. 335, 2022.
  9. M. I. Mosaad, "Grid-Connected PV System Statistics and Evaluation; Review," YJES, vol. 19, pp. 1-10, 2022.
  10. E. S. Ali, S. M. Abd-Elazim, A. Abd-Elaziz, "Ant Lion Optimization Algorithm for Renewable Distributed Generations," Energy, vol. 116, pp. 445-458, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.09.104
  11. A. K. Alhejji, F. Salem, M. I. Mosaad, "Optimal Location and Size of SVC Devices in Interconnected Electrical Power System Using Quadratic Adaptive Bacterial Foraging Algorithm," In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT), Rochester, MI, USA, pp. 0817-0821, 3-5 May 2018.
  12. L. Smallwood, "Distributed Generation in Autonomous and Nonautonomous Micro Grids," In Proceedings of the IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference, Colorado Springs, CO, USA, pp. D1-D6, 5-7 May 2002.
  13. M. Aman, G. B. Jasmon, H. Mokhlis, A. H. Bakar, "Optimal Placement and Sizing of a DG based on A New Power Stability Index and Line Losses," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 43, pp. 1296-1304, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.05.053
  14. Z. Moravej, A. Akhlaghi, "A Novel Approach based on Cuckoo Search for DG Allocation in Distribution NetWork," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 44, pp. 672-679, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.08.009
  15. M. Chakravorty, D. Das, "Voltage Stability Analysis of Radial Distribution Networks," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 23, pp. 129-135, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-0615(00)00040-5
  16. N. Khalesi, N. Rezaei, M. R. Haghifam, "DG Allocation with Application of Dynamic Programming for Loss Reduction and Reliability Improvement," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 33, pp. 288-295, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2010.08.024
  17. P. Gopu, S. Naaz, K. Aiman, "Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation using Genetic Algorithm. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Computing," Communication and Sustainable Technologies (ICAECT), Bhilai, India, pp. 1-6, 19-20 February 2021
  18. R. Syahputra, I. Robandi, M. Ashari, "PSO Based Mult objective Optimization for Reconfiguration of Radial Distribution Network," Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res., vol. 10, pp. 14573-14586, 2015.
  19. E.S. Ali, R.A. El-Sehiemy, A.A.A. El-Ela, S. Kamel, B. Khan, "Optimal Planning of Uncertain Renewable Energy Sources in Unbalanced Distribution Systems by a Multi-Objective Hybrid PSO-SCO Algorithm," IET Renew. Power Gener, vol. 16, pp. 2111-2124, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12499
  20. S. Devi, M. Geethanjali, "Application of Modified Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation. Expert Syst.," Appl., vol. 41, pp. 2772-2781, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.10.010
  21. R. Prakash, B. Lokeshgupta, S. Sivasubramani, "MultiObjective Bat Algorithm for Optimal Placement and Sizing of DG," In Proceedings of the 20th National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), Tiruchirappalli, India, pp. 1-6, 14-16 December 2018.
  22. D. Sudharani, N. Subrahmanyam, M. Sydulu, "Multiobjective Invasive Weed Optimization An Application to Optimal Network Reconfiguration in Radial Distribution systems," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 73, pp. 932-942, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.06.020
  23. A. Mohamed, S. Ali, S. Alkhalaf, T. Senjyu, A.M. Hemeida, "Optimal Allocation of Hybrid Renewable Energy System by Multi-Objective Water Cycle Algorithm," Sustainability, vol. 11, pp. 6550,
  24. S. Omar, M.N.A. Manan, M.N.M. Siam, A.A.A. Samat, K.A. Daud, "Optimum Location of DG for Loss Reduction with Ant Colony Algorithm," In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Electrical Energy and Power Engineering (ICEEPE 2020), Penang, Malaysia, vol. 1045, pp. 1-12, 25-26 August 2020.
  25. A. Fetanat, E. Khorasaninejad, "Size Optimization for Hybrid Photovoltaic-Wind Energy System Using Ant Colony Algorithm for Continuous Domains based Integer Programming," Appl. Soft Comput., vol. 31, pp. 196-209, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2015.02.047
  26. J.A.M. Garcia, A.J.G. Mena, "Optimal Distributed Generation Location and Size Using a Modified Teaching-Learning based Optimization Algorithm," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 50, pp. 65-75, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.02.023
  27. S. Ahmadi, S. Abdi, "Application of the Hybrid Big BangBig Crunch Algorithm for Optimal Sizing of a Stand-Alone Hybrid PV/Wind/Battery System," Sol. Energy, vol. 134, pp. 366-374, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.05.019
  28. M.M. Ansari, C. Guo, M.S. Shaikh, N. Chopra, I. Haq, L. Shen, "Planning for Distribution System with Grey Wolf Optimization Method," J. Electr. Eng. Technol., vol. 15, pp. 1485-1499, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-020-00419-4
  29. T.T. Nguyen, A.V. Truong, "Distribution Network Reconfiguration for Power Loss Minimization and Voltage Profile Improvement Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 68, pp. 233-242, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.12.075
  30. T.T. Nguyen, A.V. Truong, T.A. Phung, "A Novel Method based on Adaptive Cuckoo Search for Optimal Network Reconfiguration and Distributed Generation Allocation in Distribution Network," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 78, pp. 801-815, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.12.030
  31. J.S. Kumar, S.C. Raja, J.J.D. Nesamalar, P. Venkatesh, "Optimizing Renewable based Generations in AC/DC Microgrid System Using Hybrid Nelder-Mead-Cuckoo Search Algorithm," Energy, vol. 158, pp. 204-215, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.029
  32. M. Purlu, B.E. Turka, "Optimal Allocation of Renewable Distributed Generations Using Heuristic Methods to Minimize Annual Energy Losses and Voltage Deviation Index," IEEE Power Energy Soc. Sect., vol. 10, pp. 21455-21474, 2022.
  33. S. Saha, V. Mukherjee, "A Novel Multiobjective Chaotic Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm to Solve Optimal DG Allocation Problem in Radial Distribution System," Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst., vol. 29, pp. e2839,
  34. S.A. Bayoumi, R.A. El-Sehiemy, A. Abaza, "Effective PV Parameter Estimation Algorithm Based on Marine Predators Optimizer Considering Normal and Low Radiation Operating Conditions," Arab. J. Sci. Eng., vol. 47, pp. 3089-3104, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-06045-0
  35. A. Hassan, F. Fahmy, A. Nafeh, M. Abuelmagd, "Genetic Single Objective Optimisation for Sizing and Allocation of Renewable DG Systems," Int. J. Sustain. Energy, vol. 36, pp. 545-562, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2015.1053393
  36. H. Manafi, N. Ghadimi, M. Ojaroudi, P. Farhadi, "Optimal Placement of Distributed Generations in Radial Distribution Systems Using Various PSO and DE Algorithms," Elektron. Ir Elektrotechnika, vol. 19, pp. 53-57, 2013.
  37. N. Acharya, P. Mahat, N. Mithulananthan, "An Analytical Approach for DG Allocation in Primary Distribution Network," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 28, pp. 669-678, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2006.02.013
  38. T. Shukla, S. Singh, V. Srinivasaraob, K. Naik, "Optimal Sizing of Distributed Generation Placed on Radial Distribution Systems," Electr. Power Compon. Syst., vol. 38, pp. 260-274, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325000903273403
  39. S. Naik, D. Khatod, M. Sharma, "Optimal Allocation of Combined DG and Capacitor for Real Power Loss Minimization in Distribution Networks," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 53, pp. 967-973, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.06.008
  40. S. Ali, S. M. Abd-Elazim, A. Y. Abd-Elaziz, "Ant Lion Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Location and Sizing of Renewable Distributed Generations," Renew. Energy, vol. 101, pp. 1311-1324, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.09.023
  41. P. Reddy, V. Reddy, T. Manohar, "Ant Lion Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Sizing of Renewable Energy Resources for Loss Reduction in Distribution Systems," J. Electr. Syst. Inf. Technol, vol. 5, pp. 663-680, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.06.001
  42. M. Khasanov, S. Kamel, C. Rahmann, H. M. Hasanien, A. Al-Durra, "Optimal Distributed Generation and Battery Energy Storage Units Integration in Distribution systems Considering Power Generation Uncertainty," IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 15, pp. 3400-3422, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.12230
  43. T. D. Pham, T. T. Nguyen, B. H. Dinh, "Find Optimal Capacity and Location of Distributed Generation Units in Radial Distribution Networks by Using Enhanced Coyote Optimization Algorithm," Neural Comput. Appl., vol. 33, pp. 4343-4371, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-020-05239-1
  44. S. A. Nowdeh, I. F. Davoudkhani, M. J. H. Moghaddam, E. S. Najmi, A. Y. Abdelaziz, A. Ahmadi, S. E. Razavi, F. H. Gandoman, "Fuzzy Multi-Objective Placement of Renewable Energy Sources in Distribution System with Objective of Loss Reduction and Reliability Improvement Using A Novel Hybrid Method," Appl. Soft Comput. J., vol. 77, pp. 761-779, 2019.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2019.02.003
  45. S. Sharma, S. Bhattacharjee, A. Bhattacharya, "Quasi Oppositional Swine Influenza Model Based Optimization with Quarantine for Optimal Allocation of DG in Radial Distribution Network," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 74, pp. 348-373, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.07.034
  46. K. H. Truong, P. Nallagownden, I. Elamvazuthi, D. N. Vo, "A Quasi-Oppositional-Chaotic Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm for Optimal Allocation of DG in Radial Distribution Networks," Appl. Soft Comput. J., vol. 88, pp. 106067, 2020.
  47. A. Selim, S. Kamel, F Jurado, "Efficient Optimization Technique for Multiple DG Allocation in Distribution Networks," Appl. Soft Comput. J., vol. 86, pp. 105938, 2020.
  48. A. Selim, S. Kamel, A. S. Alghamdi, F. Jurado, "Optimal Placement of DGs in Distribution System Using an Improved Harris Hawks Optimizer Based on Single- And MultiObjective Approaches," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 52815- 52829, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2980245
  49. T. P. Nguyen, D. N. Vo, "A Novel Stochastic Fractal Search Algorithm for Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generators in Radial Distribution Systems," Appl. Soft Comput. J., vol. 70, pp. 773-796, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2018.06.020
  50. S. Sultana, P. K. Roy, "Multi-Objective Quasi-Oppositional Teaching Learning based Optimization for Optimal Location of Distributed Generator in Radial Distribution Systems," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 63, pp. 534-545, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.06.031
  51. M. I. Akbar, S. A. A. Kazmi, O. Alrumayh, Z. A. Khan, A. Altamimi, M. M. Malik, "A Novel Hybrid Optimizationbased Algorithm for The Single and Multi-Objective Achievement with Optimal DG Allocations in Distribution Networks," IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 25669-25687, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3155484
  52. S. Abu-Mouti, M. E. El-Hawary, "Optimal Distributed Generation Allocation and Sizing in Distribution Systems via Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm," IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 26, pp. 2090-2101, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2011.2158246
  53. T. Gozel, M. Hocaoglu, "An Analytical Method for The Sizing and Siting of Distributed Generators in Radial Systems," Int. J. Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 79, pp. 912-918, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2008.12.007
  54. I. Pisica, C. Bulac, M. Eremia, "Optimal Distributed Generation Location and Sizing Using Genetic Algorithms," In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent System Applications to Power Systems (ISAP 09), Curitiba, Brazil, pp. 1-6, 8-12 November 2009.
  55. L. Y. Wong, S. R. A. Rahim, M. H. Sulaiman, Aliman, "O. Distributed Generation Installation Using Particle Swarm Optimization," In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Power Engineering and Optimization, Shah Alam, Malaysia, pp. 159-163, 23-24 June 2010.
  56. W. Tan, M. Hassan, M. Majid, H. Rahman, "Allocation and Sizing of DG Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm," In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, pp. 133-138, 2-5 December 2012.
  57. A. Abdelaziz, Y. Hegazy, W. El-Khattam, M. Othman, "A Multi-objective Optimization for Sizing and Placement of Voltage Controlled Distributed Generation Using Supervised Big Bang-Big Crunch Method," Electr. Power Compon. Syst., vol. 43, pp. 105-117, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2014.963268
  58. S. Ali, S. M. Abd-Elazim, A. Y. Abd-Elaziz, "Optimal Allocation and Sizing of Renewable Distributed Generation Using Ant Lion Optimization Algorithm," Electr. Eng., vol. 100, pp. 99-109, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-016-0477-z
  59. A. M. Imran, M. Kowsalya, "Optimal Size and Siting of Multiple Distributed Generators in Distribution System Using Bacterial Foraging Optimization," Swarm Evolut. Compt., vol. 15, pp. 58-65, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swevo.2013.12.001
  60. S. K. Injeti, N. P. Kumar, "A Novel Approach to Identify Optimal Access Point and Capacity of Multiple DGs in a Small, Medium and Large Scale Radial Distribution Systems," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 45, pp. 142-151, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.08.043
  61. M. Natarajan, R. Balamurugan, L. Lakshminarasimman, "Optimal Placement and Sizing of DGs in the Distribution System for Loss Minimization and Voltage Stability Improvement Using CABC," Int. J. Electr. Eng. Inform, vol. 7, pp. 679-690, 2015.
  62. M. Abdel-Basset, R. Mohamed, M. Jameel, M. Abouhawwash, "Nutcracker optimizer: A novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for global optimization and engineering design problems," Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 262, pp. 110248, 2023.