Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

In vitro gas and methane production of some common feedstuffs used for dairy rations in Vietnam and Thailand

  • N. T. D., Huyen (Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research) ;
  • J. Th. Schonewille (Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University) ;
  • W. F. Pellikaan (Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research) ;
  • N. X. Trach (Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture) ;
  • W. H. Hendriks (Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research)
  • Received : 2023.02.20
  • Accepted : 2023.07.14
  • Published : 2024.03.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: This study determined fermentation characteristics of commonly used feedstuffs, especially tropical roughages, for dairy cattle in Southeast Asia. This information is considered relevant in the context of the observed low milk fat content and milk production in Southeast Asia countries. Methods: A total of 29 feedstuffs commonly used for dairy cattle in Vietnam and Thailand were chemically analysed and subjected to an in vitro gas production (GP) test. For 72 h, GP was continuously recorded with fully automated equipment and methane (CH4) was measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h of incubation. A triphasic, nonlinear, regression procedure was applied to analyse GP profiles while a monophasic model was used to obtain kinetics related to CH4 production. Results: King grass and VA06 showed a high asymptotic GP related to the soluble- and non-soluble fractions (i.e. A1 and A2, respectively) and had the highest acetate to propionate ratio in the incubation fluid. The proportion of CH4 produced (% of GP at 72 h) was found to be not different (p>0.05) between the various grasses. Among the selected preserved roughages (n = 6) and whole crops (n = 4), sorghum was found to produce the greatest amount of gas in combination with a relatively low CH4 production. Conclusion: Grasses belonging to the genus Pennisetum, and whole crop sorghum can be considered as suitable ingredients to formulate dairy rations to enhance milk fat content in Vietnam/Thailand.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors also thank Mrs. Saskia van Laar-van Schuppen, Mrs. Xuan Huong van der Schans-Le and Mr. Michel Breuer for their technical assistance. The authors would like to thank Assist. Prof. Dr. Bui Quang Tuan, Prof. Dr. Le Duc Ngoan, Prof. Dr. Nguyen Van Thu, Dr. Tang Xuan Luu, Dr. Ho Thi Hoa, Assist. Prof. Dr. Chalermpon Yuangklang and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chalong Wachirapakorn for their assistance of identifying and selecting feedstuffs commonly used in Vietnam and Thailand.

References

  1. Wouters B, Lee JVD, Thieu NQ, Man NV, Quang NMV. Improved forage strategies for high-yielding dairy cows in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam; 2013. Report No. 718. 
  2. Wongpom B, Koonawootrittriron S, Elzo MA, Suwanasopee T. Milk yield, fat yield and fat percentage associations in a Thai multibreed dairy population. Agric Nat Resour 2017;51:218-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anres.2016.12.008 
  3. Boonkum W, Misztal I, Duangjinda M, Pattarajinda V, Tumwasorn S, Sanpote J. Genetic effects of heat stress on milk yield of Thai Holstein crossbreds. J Dairy Sci 2011;94:487-92. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3421 
  4. Ashes JR, Gulati SK, Scott TW. Potential to alter the content and composition of milk fat through nutrition. J Dairy Sci 1997;80:2204-12. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76169-1 
  5. Hieu VN, Lambertz C, Gauly M. Factors influencing milk yield, quality and revenue of dairy farms in Southern Vietnam. Asian J Anim Sci 2016;10:290-9. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajas.2016.290.299 
  6. Garamu K. Significance of feed supplementation on milk yield and milk composition of dairy cow. Dairy Vet Sci J 2019;13:555860. https://doi.org/10.19080/JDVS.2019.13.555860 
  7. Shabi Z, Arieli A, Bruckental I, et al. Effect of the synchronization of the degradation of dietary crude protein and organic matter and feeding frequency on ruminal fermentation and flow of digesta in the abomasum of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1998;81:1991-2000. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75773-X 
  8. NEN-ISO 5983-2. Animal feeding stuffs - Determination of nitrogen content and calculation of crude protein content - Part 2: Block digestion and steam distillation method; No. 5983. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization (ISO); 2009. 
  9. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 1991;74:3583-97. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2 
  10. Van Soest PJ. Collaborative study of acid detergent fibre and lignin. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1973;56:781-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/56.4.781 
  11. Cone JW, van Gelder AH, Visscher GJW, Oudshoorn L. Influence of rumen fluid and substrate concentration on fermentation kinetics measured with a fully automated time related gas production apparatus. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1996;61:113-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(96)00950-9 
  12. Pellikaan WF, Hendriks WH, Uwimana G, Bongers LJGM, Becker PM, Cone JW. A novel method to determine simultaneously methane production during in vitro gas production using fully automated equipment. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011;168:196-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.096 
  13. Williams BA, Bosch MW, Boer H, Verstegen MWA, Tamminga S. An in vitro batch culture method to assess potential fermentability of feed ingredients for monogastric diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2005;123-124:445-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.04.031 
  14. Pellikaan WF, Stringano E, Leenaars J, et al. Evaluating effects of tannins on extent and rate of in vitro gas and CH4 production using an automated pressure evaluation system (APES). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011;166-167:377-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.072 
  15. SAS Institute Inc. SAS Release 9.4. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute Inc.; 2012. 
  16. Groot JCJ, Cone JW, Williams BA, Debersaques FMA, Lantinga EA. Multiphasic analysis of gas production kinetics for in vitro fermentation of ruminant feeds. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1996;64:77-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(96)01012-7 
  17. Van Gelder AH, Hetta M, Rodrigues MAM, et al. Ranking of in vitro fermentability of 20 feedstuffs with an automated gas production technique: Results of a ring test. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2005;123-124:243-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.04.044 
  18. Yang HJ, Tamminga S, Williams BA, Dijkstra J, Boer H. In vitro gas and volatile fatty acids production profiles of barley and maize and their soluble and washout fractions after feed processing. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2005;120:125-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.01.007 
  19. Orskov ER. Manipulation of rumen fermentation for maximum food utilization. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics. 1975;22:152-82.  https://doi.org/10.1159/000397977
  20. NRC. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th revised ed. Washington DC, USA: National Academies Press; 2001. 
  21. Feedipedia. Animal feed resources information system [Internet]. c2021 [cited 2021 July]. Available from: https://feedipedia.org/ 
  22. Shen HS, Ni DB, Sundstol F. Studies on untreated and urea-treated rice straw from three cultivation seasons: 1. Physical and chemical measurements in straw and straw fractions. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1998;73:243-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00157-6 
  23. Wanapat M, Sundstol F, Garmo TH. A comparison of alkali treatment methods to improve the nutritive value of straw. I. Digestibility and metabolizability. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1985;12:295-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(85)90006-9 
  24. Drake DJ, Nader GA, Forero LC. Feeding rice straw to cattle. University of California: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources; 2002; ANR Publication 8079, 18 p. 
  25. Zailan MZ, Yaakub H, Jusoh S. Yield and nutritive value of four Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) cultivars at different harvesting ages. Agric Biol J North Am 2016;7:213-9. https://doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2016.7.5.213.219 
  26. Fauzi MM, Soetanto H, Mashudi. Effects of nitrogen and sulphur fertilization on the production and nutritive values of two elephant grass cultivars at two different harvesting times. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 2020;478:012082. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/478/1/012082 
  27. Manyawu GJ, Chakoma C, Sibanda S, Mutisi C, Chakoma IC. The effect of harvesting interval on herbage yield and nutritive value of Napier grass and Hybrid Pennisetums. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2003;16:996-1002. http://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.996 
  28. Macome FM, Pellikaan WF, Hendriks WH, et al. In vitro gas and methane production of silages from whole-plant corn harvested at 4 different stages of maturity and a comparison with in vivo methane production. J Dairy Sci 2017;100:8895-905. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12953 
  29. Campos PRSS, Coelho da Silva JF, Vasquez HM, Vittori A, de Almeida e Silva M. Fractions of carbohydrates and of nitrogenous compounds of tropical grasses at different cutting ages. R Bras Zootec 2010;39:1538-47. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000700021 
  30. McAllister TA, Newbold CJ. Redirecting rumen fermentation to reduce methanogenesis. Aust J Exp Agric 2008;48:7-13. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07218