Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A comparative study on eating habits and mental health of Korean middle school students according to their bedtime across regions: using data from the 2020-2022 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey

  • Sarim Kim (Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Jiyoung Jeong (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Juyeon Kang (Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Jihye Kim (Department of Big Data Management, National Health Insurance Service) ;
  • Yoon Jung Yang (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University)
  • Received : 2023.12.20
  • Accepted : 2024.03.15
  • Published : 2024.04.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare dietary habits and mental health among middle school students in urban and rural areas based on bedtime, and to provide evidence supporting appropriate bedtime for Korean middle school students in relation to their healthy dietary habits and mental well-being. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study population consisted of 25,681 second-year middle school students who participated in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 2020-2022. Participants were asked about their bedtime and wake-up time during the past 7 days and were classified into five categories. The study compared the general characteristics, academic factors, dietary habits, and mental health of urban and rural students based on their bedtime. RESULTS: Bedtime was found to be later in the following order: urban female students, rural female students, urban male students, and rural male students. As bedtime got later, the rates of smoking and alcohol consumption increased. Students who went to bed before 11 p.m. had lower academic performance, while rural male students who went to bed after 2 a.m. had lower academic performance. Later bedtime was associated with increased smartphone usage, skipping breakfast, consuming fast food, and drinking carbonated beverages. Later bedtime was also associated with higher perceived stress levels, particularly among students who went to bed after 2 a.m., higher rates of suicidal ideation, experiencing sadness and despair, as well as the prevalence of clinically significant anxiety disorders. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that middle school students who go to bed too late have higher rates of smoking and alcohol drinking, as well as unhealthy eating habits, stress, suicidal ideation, sadness, and anxiety. Therefore, it is necessary to provide educational and social institutional support to promote adequate sleep for the health of adolescents.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the Korean Society of Community Nutrition funded by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (No. ISSN 2733-5488).

References

  1. Lee J, Kang J, Rhie S, Chae KY. Impact of sleep duration on emotional status in adolescents. J Korean Child Neurol Soc 2013;21:100-10.
  2. National Sleep Foundation. How much sleep do we really need? [Internet]. Washington D.C.: National Sleep Foundation; 2022 [cited 2023 April 5]. Available from: https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleepworks/why-do-we-need-sleep.
  3. Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. 17th (2021) Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior On-Line Survey Statistics. Cheongju: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency; 2022.
  4. Shin E. Association between self-reported sleep duration and depression or suicidal ideation in Korean adolescents. Anxiety Mood 2018;14:21-7.
  5. Kim K, Youm Y. Sleep duration and suicidal impulse of Korean adolescents: weekday/weekend sleep duration effects and gender difference. J Korea Content Assoc 2015;15:314-25.
  6. Baik I, Shin C. Association of daily sleep duration with obesity, macronutrient intake, and physical activity. Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16:315-23.
  7. Ki YJ, Kim Y, Shin WK. Mental health and nutritional intake according to sleep duration in adolescents: based on the 2007-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Home Econ Educ Res 2018;30:1-14.
  8. Song NK, Moon HN. The impacts of neighborhood environment on depression and life satisfaction of middle school students: the mediating role of perceived neighborhood environment. Youth Facil Environment 2017;15:107-17.
  9. Yoon TH. Regional health inequalities in Korea the status and policy tasks. J Crit Soc Welf 2010;30:49-77.
  10. White MP, Alcock I, Wheeler BW, Depledge MH. Would you be happier living in a greener urban area? A fixed-effects analysis of panel data. Psychol Sci 2013;24:920-8.
  11. Kim YR, Lee KS. A study on sleep characteristics, sleep problems and their relationship with obesity in school aged children. J Rehabil 2011;18:229-50.
  12. Kim YS, Kim S, An HG. Predictive study on factors affecting sleep hours in Korean adolescents: based on 2012 adolescent health behavior survey statistics online. J Korean Data Anal Soc 2015;17:3337-55.
  13. Silva-Caballero A, Ball HL, Kramer KL, Bentley GR. Sleep deprivation among adolescents in urban and indigenous-rural Mexican communities. Sci Rep 2023;13:1058.
  14. Park E. A comparative study of youth health risk behaviors by region: focused on metropolitan areas, medium sized and small city areas, and rural areas. J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40:14-23.
  15. Donath C, Grassel E, Baier D, Pfeiffer C, Karagulle D, Bleich S, Hillemacher T. Alcohol consumption and binge drinking in adolescents: comparison of different migration backgrounds and rural vs. urban residence--a representative study. BMC Public Health 2011;11:84.
  16. Asarnow LD, McGlinchey E, Harvey AG. The effects of bedtime and sleep duration on academic and emotional outcomes in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2014;54:350-6.
  17. Kim KB, Moon WH, Kwon MJ. Factors related to problematic experiences of smartphone use among adolescents according to gender. J Converg Inf Technol 2021;11:84-92.
  18. Tambalis KD, Panagiotakos DB, Psarra G, Sidossis LS. Insufficient sleep duration is associated with dietary habits, screen time, and obesity in children. J Clin Sleep Med 2018;14:1689-96.
  19. Kim JA, Lee SY. Health behavior and dietary habits according to sleep duration in Korean adults based on the 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Health Promot 2019;19:237-47.
  20. Kye S. Breakfast skipping, body mass index, health related factors in Korean adolescents: analysis of the data from the 2018 Youth Health Behavior Online Survey. J Learner-Centered Curric Instr 2019;19:1263-81.
  21. Bae YJ. Evaluation of nutrient intake and meal variety with breakfast eating in Korean adolescents: analysis of data from the 2008-2009 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18:257-68.
  22. Roane BM, Taylor DJ. Adolescent insomnia as a risk factor for early adult depression and substance abuse. Sleep 2008;31:1351-6.
  23. Korea Health Promotion Institution. Health plan 2030 [Internet]. Seoul: Korea Health Promotion Institution; 2021 [cited 2023 August 20]. Available from: https://www.khepi.or.kr/healthplan.