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Analysis of Classification Accuracy for Drone and Bird Micro-Doppler Signals Using Support Vector Machines

서포트 벡터 머신(SVM)을 활용한 드론과 조류의 마이크로 도플러 신호의 분석 정확도 분석 연구

  • Received : 2025.06.02
  • Accepted : 2025.07.20
  • Published : 2025.07.30

Abstract

In this paper, a simulation study for distinguishing between drones and birds by analyzing simulated radar micro-Doppler signatures using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is presented. Time-frequency features obtained from spectrograms are condensed into average spectral profiles for classification purposes. The SVM classifier is trained using these spectrogram-based features, incorporating variability in drone and bird motion parameters to improve its generalization capability. Results show that with training signals based on a drone rotor speed of 2,000rpm(±25% noise) and body speed of 8m/s(±50% noise), the classifier achieved nearly 100% accuracy for test cases with rotor speeds as low as 1,600rpm. Since the Doppler frequency generated by wing rotation is significantly higher than that produced by body translation, the effect of body velocity on classification performance is negligible. The results confirm the effectiveness of the SVM-based technique in small drone discrimination, and its computational efficiency makes it well-suited for real-time surveillance scenarios.

본 논문에서는 서포트 벡터 머신(Support Vector Machine: SVM) 기법을 사용하여 드론과 조류의 움직임을 고려하여 생성된 마이크로 도플러 신호를 분석하여 드론과 조류를 구별하는 시뮬레이션 연구를 제시하였다. 두 개체의 스펙트로그램에서 얻은 시간-주파수 특징은 분류를 위해 평균 스펙트럼 프로파일로 변환된다. SVM 분류기는 신호의 스펙트로그램을 활용하여 학습되며, 드론과 조류의 동작 매개변수(드론 속도, 드론 블레이드 회전, 조류 날갯짓)의 변동성을 종합적으로 고려하여 분석되었다. 제안된 방법은 드론 블레이드 회전 속도 2,000rpm(±25% 잡음)과 본체 속도 8m/s(±50% 잡음)를 기반으로 한 학습 신호를 사용하여 블레이드 회전 속도가 1,600rpm 정도로 낮은 경우에도 거의 100%의 분류 정확도를 보였다. 블레이드 회전으로 인한 도플러 주파수가 본체 이동에 의한 도플러 주파수보다 상당히 높기 때문에 본체 속도가 분류 성능에 미치는 영향은 무시할 수 있다. 본 연구 결과는 소형 드론을 구별하는 데 있어 SVM 기반 분류 기술의 효과를 제시하였으며, 이 방법의 계산 효율성 측면에서 실시간 감시 시나리오에 매우 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by Baekseok University research fund.

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