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A step towards the production of eco-friendly non-proprietary ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete: Experimental assessment and machine learning quantification

  • Turki S. Alahmari (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tabuk) ;
  • Brad D. Weldon (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame)
  • Received : 2024.08.09
  • Accepted : 2025.07.16
  • Published : 2025.10.25
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Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical performance of eco-friendly non-proprietary ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) using locally available cementitious materials and evaluates the effect of ambient and thermal curing regimes over short- and long-term durations. Key mechanical properties, including compressive strength, first-peak flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity (MOE), were experimentally assessed. Results demonstrated that thermal curing significantly accelerated early-age strength development, with short-term compressive and flexural strength enhancements ranging from 77% to 90%, and long-term gains of 10% to 30% compared to ambient curing. MOE exhibited consistent growth across both curing methods, achieving values up to 52 GPa. Predictive equations for MOE and first-peak flexural strength were established to aid in design applications. Furthermore, two machine learning models-Random Forest (RF) and k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)-were employed to predict mechanical performance. The RF model outperformed KNN across all metrics, achieving correlation coefficients (R2 ) between 0.93 and 0.99 and minimal error values (RMSE < 1.21 for compressive strength). These findings validate the potential of non-proprietary UHPC as a sustainable alternative to commercial mixes and provide a predictive framework for its behavior under varying curing conditions, advancing its practical implementation in structural applications.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to acknowledge the University of Tabuk and New Mexico State University. The work was carried out at the Structural Systems and Materials Testing Laboratory at New Mexico State University.

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